TY - JOUR T1 - Membrane-initiated steroid signaling action of estrogen and breast cancer. A1 - Song,Robert X-D, PY - 2007/4/21/pubmed PY - 2007/6/1/medline PY - 2007/4/21/entrez SP - 187 EP - 97 JF - Seminars in reproductive medicine JO - Semin Reprod Med VL - 25 IS - 3 N2 - Although classical concepts had assigned priority to the nuclear-initiated steroid signaling pathway of estrogen receptor (ER), recent studies document that the ER also possesses the membrane-initiated steroid signaling (MISS) pathway. A small fraction of ER is associated with the cell membrane and mediates the rapid effects of estrogen. Unlike classical growth factor receptors, such as insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor, ER has no transmembrane and kinase domains. Instead, the initiating signals of MISS action of ER require a rapid formation of ER-centered protein complexes with many signaling molecules, leading to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the MISS action of ER and its role in the development of hormone resistance in breast cancer. A full understanding of the mechanisms, with the ultimate aim of abrogating specific steps, should lead to more targeted strategies for treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer. SN - 1526-8004 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/17447208/Membrane_initiated_steroid_signaling_action_of_estrogen_and_breast_cancer_ L2 - http://www.thieme-connect.com/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-2007-973431 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -