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Predictors, clinical characteristics, and outcome of conduct disorder in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a longitudinal study.
Psychol Med. 2007 Dec; 37(12):1731-41.PM

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Research on the overlap between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) in males has provided useful information on the etiology, correlates, course, and nosology of this co-morbid condition. However, it is unclear how these results extend to females. Our aim was to examine the predictors, clinical characteristics, and functional outcome of CD in a sample of female youth with and without ADHD.

METHOD

We conducted a blind, 5-year prospective longitudinal study of girls with (n=140) and without (n=122) ADHD, aged 6-18 years at baseline. At the 5-year follow-up, 123 (88%) and 112 (92%) of the ADHD and control children respectively were reassessed at a mean age of 16.7 years. Psychiatric disorders were assessed using blind structured diagnostic interviews.

RESULTS

Baseline ADHD was a significant risk factor for lifetime CD throughout childhood and adolescence [hazard ratio (HR) 5.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9-11.5, p<0.001]. Among ADHD girls, childhood-onset (<12 years) CD was predicted by paternal antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), while adolescent-onset CD (12 years) was predicted by family conflict. In addition, lifetime CD significantly predicted academic, psychiatric and sexual behavior problems in girls with ADHD at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

ADHD is a significant risk factor for CD in girls. CD is associated with increased risk for academic, psychiatric and sexual behavior problems compared to ADHD girls without CD. Given that the therapeutic approaches indicated by ADHD and CD differ, these findings highlight the importance of improved efforts aimed at early identification and treatment of CD in girls with ADHD.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Monuteaux MC
The Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. mmonuteaux@partners.org
Faraone SV
No affiliation info available
Michelle Gross L
No affiliation info available
Biederman J
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdolescentAdultAggressionAntisocial Personality DisorderAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildChild of Impaired ParentsComorbidityConduct DisorderFamily ConflictFathersFemaleHumansLife Change EventsLongitudinal StudiesMental DisordersMothersPersonality AssessmentPrognosisProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSex FactorsSexual BehaviorSocioeconomic Factors

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

Language

eng

PubMed ID

17451627

Citation

Monuteaux, Michael C., et al. "Predictors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcome of Conduct Disorder in Girls With Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder: a Longitudinal Study." Psychological Medicine, vol. 37, no. 12, 2007, pp. 1731-41.
Monuteaux MC, Faraone SV, Michelle Gross L, et al. Predictors, clinical characteristics, and outcome of conduct disorder in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a longitudinal study. Psychol Med. 2007;37(12):1731-41.
Monuteaux, M. C., Faraone, S. V., Michelle Gross, L., & Biederman, J. (2007). Predictors, clinical characteristics, and outcome of conduct disorder in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a longitudinal study. Psychological Medicine, 37(12), 1731-41.
Monuteaux MC, et al. Predictors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcome of Conduct Disorder in Girls With Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder: a Longitudinal Study. Psychol Med. 2007;37(12):1731-41. PubMed PMID: 17451627.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Predictors, clinical characteristics, and outcome of conduct disorder in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a longitudinal study. AU - Monuteaux,Michael C, AU - Faraone,Stephen V, AU - Michelle Gross,Lara, AU - Biederman,Joseph, Y1 - 2007/04/24/ PY - 2007/4/25/pubmed PY - 2008/3/5/medline PY - 2007/4/25/entrez SP - 1731 EP - 41 JF - Psychological medicine JO - Psychol Med VL - 37 IS - 12 N2 - BACKGROUND: Research on the overlap between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) in males has provided useful information on the etiology, correlates, course, and nosology of this co-morbid condition. However, it is unclear how these results extend to females. Our aim was to examine the predictors, clinical characteristics, and functional outcome of CD in a sample of female youth with and without ADHD. METHOD: We conducted a blind, 5-year prospective longitudinal study of girls with (n=140) and without (n=122) ADHD, aged 6-18 years at baseline. At the 5-year follow-up, 123 (88%) and 112 (92%) of the ADHD and control children respectively were reassessed at a mean age of 16.7 years. Psychiatric disorders were assessed using blind structured diagnostic interviews. RESULTS: Baseline ADHD was a significant risk factor for lifetime CD throughout childhood and adolescence [hazard ratio (HR) 5.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9-11.5, p<0.001]. Among ADHD girls, childhood-onset (<12 years) CD was predicted by paternal antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), while adolescent-onset CD (12 years) was predicted by family conflict. In addition, lifetime CD significantly predicted academic, psychiatric and sexual behavior problems in girls with ADHD at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: ADHD is a significant risk factor for CD in girls. CD is associated with increased risk for academic, psychiatric and sexual behavior problems compared to ADHD girls without CD. Given that the therapeutic approaches indicated by ADHD and CD differ, these findings highlight the importance of improved efforts aimed at early identification and treatment of CD in girls with ADHD. SN - 0033-2917 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/17451627/Predictors_clinical_characteristics_and_outcome_of_conduct_disorder_in_girls_with_attention_deficit/hyperactivity_disorder:_a_longitudinal_study_ L2 - https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033291707000529/type/journal_article DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -