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Changes in the flavonoid and phenolic acid contents and antioxidant activity of red leaf lettuce (Lollo Rosso) due to cultivation under plastic films varying in ultraviolet transparency.
J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Dec 12; 55(25):10168-72.JA

Abstract

Red leaf lettuce (Lollo Rosso) was grown under three types of plastic films that varied in transparency to UV radiation (designated as UV block, UV low, and UV window). Flavonoid composition was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), total phenolics by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and antioxidant capacity by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Exposure to increased levels of UV radiation during cultivation caused the leaves to redden and increased concentrations of total phenols and the main flavonoids, quercetin and cyanidin glycosides, as well as luteolin conjugates and phenolic acids. The total phenol content increased from 1.6 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of fresh weight (FW) for lettuce grown under UV block film to 2.9 and 3.5 mg of GAE/g of FW for lettuce grown under the UV low and UV window films. The antioxidant activity was also higher in lettuce exposed to higher levels of UV radiation with ORAC values of 25.4 and 55.1 micromol of Trolox equivalents/g of FW for lettuce grown under the UV block and UV window films, respectively. The content of phenolic acids, quantified as caffeic acid, was also different, ranging from 6.2 to 11.1 micromol/g of FW for lettuce cultivated under the lowest and highest UV exposure plastic films, respectively. Higher concentrations of the flavonoid glycosides were observed with increased exposure to UV radiation, as demonstrated by the concentrations of aglycones after hydrolysis, which were cyanidin (ranging from 165 to 793 microg/g), quercetin (ranging from 196 to 880 microg/g), and luteolin (ranging from 19 to 152 microg/g). The results demonstrate the potential of the use of UV-transparent plastic as a means of increasing beneficial flavonoid content of red leaf lettuce when the crop is grown in polytunnels.

Authors+Show Affiliations

García-Macías P
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, Reading, Berks RG6 6AP, United Kingdom.
Ordidge M
No affiliation info available
Vysini E
No affiliation info available
Waroonphan S
No affiliation info available
Battey NH
No affiliation info available
Gordon MH
No affiliation info available
Hadley P
No affiliation info available
John P
No affiliation info available
Lovegrove JA
No affiliation info available
Wagstaffe A
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AgricultureAntioxidantsFlavonoidsLettucePhenolsPlant LeavesPlasticsUltraviolet Rays

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

18001028

Citation

García-Macías, Paulina, et al. "Changes in the Flavonoid and Phenolic Acid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Red Leaf Lettuce (Lollo Rosso) Due to Cultivation Under Plastic Films Varying in Ultraviolet Transparency." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 55, no. 25, 2007, pp. 10168-72.
García-Macías P, Ordidge M, Vysini E, et al. Changes in the flavonoid and phenolic acid contents and antioxidant activity of red leaf lettuce (Lollo Rosso) due to cultivation under plastic films varying in ultraviolet transparency. J Agric Food Chem. 2007;55(25):10168-72.
García-Macías, P., Ordidge, M., Vysini, E., Waroonphan, S., Battey, N. H., Gordon, M. H., Hadley, P., John, P., Lovegrove, J. A., & Wagstaffe, A. (2007). Changes in the flavonoid and phenolic acid contents and antioxidant activity of red leaf lettuce (Lollo Rosso) due to cultivation under plastic films varying in ultraviolet transparency. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(25), 10168-72.
García-Macías P, et al. Changes in the Flavonoid and Phenolic Acid Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Red Leaf Lettuce (Lollo Rosso) Due to Cultivation Under Plastic Films Varying in Ultraviolet Transparency. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Dec 12;55(25):10168-72. PubMed PMID: 18001028.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in the flavonoid and phenolic acid contents and antioxidant activity of red leaf lettuce (Lollo Rosso) due to cultivation under plastic films varying in ultraviolet transparency. AU - García-Macías,Paulina, AU - Ordidge,Matthew, AU - Vysini,Eleni, AU - Waroonphan,Saran, AU - Battey,Nicholas H, AU - Gordon,Michael H, AU - Hadley,Paul, AU - John,Philip, AU - Lovegrove,Julie A, AU - Wagstaffe,Alexandra, Y1 - 2007/11/15/ PY - 2007/11/16/pubmed PY - 2008/2/6/medline PY - 2007/11/16/entrez SP - 10168 EP - 72 JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry JO - J Agric Food Chem VL - 55 IS - 25 N2 - Red leaf lettuce (Lollo Rosso) was grown under three types of plastic films that varied in transparency to UV radiation (designated as UV block, UV low, and UV window). Flavonoid composition was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), total phenolics by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and antioxidant capacity by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Exposure to increased levels of UV radiation during cultivation caused the leaves to redden and increased concentrations of total phenols and the main flavonoids, quercetin and cyanidin glycosides, as well as luteolin conjugates and phenolic acids. The total phenol content increased from 1.6 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of fresh weight (FW) for lettuce grown under UV block film to 2.9 and 3.5 mg of GAE/g of FW for lettuce grown under the UV low and UV window films. The antioxidant activity was also higher in lettuce exposed to higher levels of UV radiation with ORAC values of 25.4 and 55.1 micromol of Trolox equivalents/g of FW for lettuce grown under the UV block and UV window films, respectively. The content of phenolic acids, quantified as caffeic acid, was also different, ranging from 6.2 to 11.1 micromol/g of FW for lettuce cultivated under the lowest and highest UV exposure plastic films, respectively. Higher concentrations of the flavonoid glycosides were observed with increased exposure to UV radiation, as demonstrated by the concentrations of aglycones after hydrolysis, which were cyanidin (ranging from 165 to 793 microg/g), quercetin (ranging from 196 to 880 microg/g), and luteolin (ranging from 19 to 152 microg/g). The results demonstrate the potential of the use of UV-transparent plastic as a means of increasing beneficial flavonoid content of red leaf lettuce when the crop is grown in polytunnels. SN - 0021-8561 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/18001028/Changes_in_the_flavonoid_and_phenolic_acid_contents_and_antioxidant_activity_of_red_leaf_lettuce__Lollo_Rosso__due_to_cultivation_under_plastic_films_varying_in_ultraviolet_transparency_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -