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Acute effects of static and ballistic stretching on measures of strength and power.
J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Sep; 22(5):1422-8.JS

Abstract

Preactivity stretching is commonly performed by athletes as part of their warm-up routine. However, the most recent literature questions the effectiveness of preactivity stretching. One limitation of this research is that the stretching duration is not realistic for most athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a practical duration of acute static and ballistic stretching on vertical jump (VJ), lower-extremity power, and quadriceps and hamstring torque. Twenty-four subjects performed a 5-minute warm-up followed by each of the following three conditions on separate days with order counterbalanced: static stretching, ballistic stretching, or no-stretch control condition. Vertical jump was determined with the Vertec VJ system and was also calculated from the ground-reaction forces collected from a Kistler force plate, which also were used to calculate power. Torque output of the quadriceps and hamstrings was measured through knee extension and flexion on the Biodex System 3 Dynamometer at 60 degrees x s(-1). Data normalized for body weight were analyzed using five separate, 3 (stretch condition) x 2 (gender) analysis-of-variance procedures with repeated measures on the factor of stretch condition. The gender x stretch interaction was not significant for any of the four measures, suggesting that the stretching conditions did not affect men and women differently. The results of this study reveal that static and ballistic stretching did not affect VJ, or torque output for the quadriceps and hamstrings. Despite no adverse effect on VJ, stretching did cause a decrease in lower-extremity power, which was surprising. Because of the mixed results, strength coaches would be better served to use dynamic stretching before activity; this has been consistently supported by the literature.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Samuel MN
Sports Injury Research Center, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA. mns@unlv.nevada.edu
Holcomb WR
No affiliation info available
Guadagnoli MA
No affiliation info available
Rubley MD
No affiliation info available
Wallmann H
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdultAnalysis of VarianceFemaleHumansLegMaleMuscle StrengthPhysical Education and TrainingPhysical FitnessTorque

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial

Language

eng

PubMed ID

18714248

Citation

Samuel, Michelle N., et al. "Acute Effects of Static and Ballistic Stretching On Measures of Strength and Power." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, vol. 22, no. 5, 2008, pp. 1422-8.
Samuel MN, Holcomb WR, Guadagnoli MA, et al. Acute effects of static and ballistic stretching on measures of strength and power. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(5):1422-8.
Samuel, M. N., Holcomb, W. R., Guadagnoli, M. A., Rubley, M. D., & Wallmann, H. (2008). Acute effects of static and ballistic stretching on measures of strength and power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1422-8. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318181a314
Samuel MN, et al. Acute Effects of Static and Ballistic Stretching On Measures of Strength and Power. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(5):1422-8. PubMed PMID: 18714248.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Acute effects of static and ballistic stretching on measures of strength and power. AU - Samuel,Michelle N, AU - Holcomb,William R, AU - Guadagnoli,Mark A, AU - Rubley,Mack D, AU - Wallmann,Harvey, PY - 2008/8/21/pubmed PY - 2009/2/12/medline PY - 2008/8/21/entrez SP - 1422 EP - 8 JF - Journal of strength and conditioning research JO - J Strength Cond Res VL - 22 IS - 5 N2 - Preactivity stretching is commonly performed by athletes as part of their warm-up routine. However, the most recent literature questions the effectiveness of preactivity stretching. One limitation of this research is that the stretching duration is not realistic for most athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a practical duration of acute static and ballistic stretching on vertical jump (VJ), lower-extremity power, and quadriceps and hamstring torque. Twenty-four subjects performed a 5-minute warm-up followed by each of the following three conditions on separate days with order counterbalanced: static stretching, ballistic stretching, or no-stretch control condition. Vertical jump was determined with the Vertec VJ system and was also calculated from the ground-reaction forces collected from a Kistler force plate, which also were used to calculate power. Torque output of the quadriceps and hamstrings was measured through knee extension and flexion on the Biodex System 3 Dynamometer at 60 degrees x s(-1). Data normalized for body weight were analyzed using five separate, 3 (stretch condition) x 2 (gender) analysis-of-variance procedures with repeated measures on the factor of stretch condition. The gender x stretch interaction was not significant for any of the four measures, suggesting that the stretching conditions did not affect men and women differently. The results of this study reveal that static and ballistic stretching did not affect VJ, or torque output for the quadriceps and hamstrings. Despite no adverse effect on VJ, stretching did cause a decrease in lower-extremity power, which was surprising. Because of the mixed results, strength coaches would be better served to use dynamic stretching before activity; this has been consistently supported by the literature. SN - 1533-4287 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/18714248/Acute_effects_of_static_and_ballistic_stretching_on_measures_of_strength_and_power_ L2 - http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=linkout&SEARCH=18714248.ui DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -