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Should glycemic index and glycemic load be considered in dietary recommendations?
Nutr Rev. 2008 Oct; 66(10):569-90.NR

Abstract

High glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been proposed to be associated with increased risk of lifestyle diseases. Since protein intake varies little in humans, adherence to the common recommendation to reduce fat intake probably leads to increases in carbohydrate intake, which emphasizes the need to investigate the effects of carbohydrate on diet-related conditions and diseases. This review examines the epidemiological literature linking GI and GL to heart disease, insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity among initially healthy people. The evidence for associations between GI and particularly GL and health among free-living populations is mixed. Only the positive association between GI and development of type 2 diabetes was consistent across cross-sectional and longitudinal studies for both sexes. Low GI/GL may protect against heart disease in women, and cross-sectional studies indicate low GI/GL may reduce high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in both sexes. Based on the evidence found in this review, it seems premature to include GI/GL in dietary recommendations.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Hare-Bruun H
Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Centre for Health and Society, DK 1357 Copenhagen K, Denmark. hh2@ipm.regionh.dk
Nielsen BM
No affiliation info available
Grau K
No affiliation info available
Oxlund AL
No affiliation info available
Heitmann BL
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2DietDietary CarbohydratesDietary FatsFemaleGlycemic IndexHeart DiseasesHumansHyperlipidemiasInsulin ResistanceMaleMiddle AgedNutrition PolicyObesityRisk FactorsSex Characteristics

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

18826453

Citation

Hare-Bruun, Helle, et al. "Should Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Be Considered in Dietary Recommendations?" Nutrition Reviews, vol. 66, no. 10, 2008, pp. 569-90.
Hare-Bruun H, Nielsen BM, Grau K, et al. Should glycemic index and glycemic load be considered in dietary recommendations? Nutr Rev. 2008;66(10):569-90.
Hare-Bruun, H., Nielsen, B. M., Grau, K., Oxlund, A. L., & Heitmann, B. L. (2008). Should glycemic index and glycemic load be considered in dietary recommendations? Nutrition Reviews, 66(10), 569-90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00108.x
Hare-Bruun H, et al. Should Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Be Considered in Dietary Recommendations. Nutr Rev. 2008;66(10):569-90. PubMed PMID: 18826453.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Should glycemic index and glycemic load be considered in dietary recommendations? AU - Hare-Bruun,Helle, AU - Nielsen,Birgit M, AU - Grau,Katrine, AU - Oxlund,Anne L, AU - Heitmann,Berit L, PY - 2008/10/2/pubmed PY - 2009/1/27/medline PY - 2008/10/2/entrez SP - 569 EP - 90 JF - Nutrition reviews JO - Nutr Rev VL - 66 IS - 10 N2 - High glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been proposed to be associated with increased risk of lifestyle diseases. Since protein intake varies little in humans, adherence to the common recommendation to reduce fat intake probably leads to increases in carbohydrate intake, which emphasizes the need to investigate the effects of carbohydrate on diet-related conditions and diseases. This review examines the epidemiological literature linking GI and GL to heart disease, insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity among initially healthy people. The evidence for associations between GI and particularly GL and health among free-living populations is mixed. Only the positive association between GI and development of type 2 diabetes was consistent across cross-sectional and longitudinal studies for both sexes. Low GI/GL may protect against heart disease in women, and cross-sectional studies indicate low GI/GL may reduce high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in both sexes. Based on the evidence found in this review, it seems premature to include GI/GL in dietary recommendations. SN - 1753-4887 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/18826453/Should_glycemic_index_and_glycemic_load_be_considered_in_dietary_recommendations DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -