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Not what you expect: experience but not expectancy predicts conditioned responses in human visual and supplementary cortex.
Cereb Cortex. 2009 Dec; 19(12):2803-9.CC

Abstract

When paired with aversive events, visual conditioned stimuli (CS) provoke increased activations in visual cortex. It is unclear however whether these changes reflect cognitive processes such as expectancy of the aversive unconditioned stimulus (US), or implicit associative learning of the contingencies outside awareness. Here, we used the "gambler's fallacy" phenomenon to parametrically and inversely manipulate the expectancy of an US and the number of conditioning trials: Increasing the number of CS-US pairings was associated with participants expecting the US to be less likely and vice versa. Magnetocortical activity evoked by the CS in occipital and supplementary motor areas was linearly related to the associative strength (number of CS-US pairings), but decreased as a function of expectancy. These results suggest that the cortical facilitation of fear cue processing is determined by associative strength and previous exposure to learning contingencies rather than by the cognitive anticipation for the US.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Moratti S
Centro de Tecnología Biomédica of Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain. moratti@med.ucm.es
Keil A
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdultAssociation LearningAttentionBrain MappingConditioning, PsychologicalCuesDecision MakingEvoked Potentials, VisualFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedVisual CortexVisual PerceptionYoung Adult

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

19304914

Citation

Moratti, Stephan, and Andreas Keil. "Not what You Expect: Experience but Not Expectancy Predicts Conditioned Responses in Human Visual and Supplementary Cortex." Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), vol. 19, no. 12, 2009, pp. 2803-9.
Moratti S, Keil A. Not what you expect: experience but not expectancy predicts conditioned responses in human visual and supplementary cortex. Cereb Cortex. 2009;19(12):2803-9.
Moratti, S., & Keil, A. (2009). Not what you expect: experience but not expectancy predicts conditioned responses in human visual and supplementary cortex. Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 19(12), 2803-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp052
Moratti S, Keil A. Not what You Expect: Experience but Not Expectancy Predicts Conditioned Responses in Human Visual and Supplementary Cortex. Cereb Cortex. 2009;19(12):2803-9. PubMed PMID: 19304914.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Not what you expect: experience but not expectancy predicts conditioned responses in human visual and supplementary cortex. AU - Moratti,Stephan, AU - Keil,Andreas, Y1 - 2009/03/20/ PY - 2009/3/24/entrez PY - 2009/3/24/pubmed PY - 2010/2/2/medline SP - 2803 EP - 9 JF - Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) JO - Cereb Cortex VL - 19 IS - 12 N2 - When paired with aversive events, visual conditioned stimuli (CS) provoke increased activations in visual cortex. It is unclear however whether these changes reflect cognitive processes such as expectancy of the aversive unconditioned stimulus (US), or implicit associative learning of the contingencies outside awareness. Here, we used the "gambler's fallacy" phenomenon to parametrically and inversely manipulate the expectancy of an US and the number of conditioning trials: Increasing the number of CS-US pairings was associated with participants expecting the US to be less likely and vice versa. Magnetocortical activity evoked by the CS in occipital and supplementary motor areas was linearly related to the associative strength (number of CS-US pairings), but decreased as a function of expectancy. These results suggest that the cortical facilitation of fear cue processing is determined by associative strength and previous exposure to learning contingencies rather than by the cognitive anticipation for the US. SN - 1460-2199 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/19304914/Not_what_you_expect:_experience_but_not_expectancy_predicts_conditioned_responses_in_human_visual_and_supplementary_cortex_ L2 - https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/cercor/bhp052 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -