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Cacao extracts suppress tryptophan degradation of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Mar 18; 122(2):261-7.JE

Abstract

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

The fruits of Theobroma cacao L. (Sterculiaceae) have been used as food and a remedy for more than 4000 years. Today, about 100 therapeutic applications of cacao are described involving the gastrointestinal, nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems. Pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma and related biochemical pathways like tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and neopterin formation are closely associated with the pathogenesis of such disorders.

AIM OF THE STUDY

To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of cacao extracts on interferon-gamma and biochemical consequences in immunocompetent cells.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Effects of aqueous or ethanolic extracts of cacao were examined on mitogen-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors and on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated myelomonocytic THP-1 cells. Antioxidant activity of extracts was determined by oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) assay.

RESULTS

In mitogen-stimulated PBMC, enhanced degradation of tryptophan, formation of neopterin and interferon-gamma were almost completely suppressed by the cacao extracts at doses of > or = 5 microg/mL. Cacao extracts had no effect on tryptophan degradation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a significant suppressive effect of cacao extracts on pro-inflammatory pathways in activated T-cells. Particularly the influence on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase could relate to some of the beneficial health effects ascribed to cacao.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Jenny M
Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Fritz-Pregl-Str. 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Santer E
No affiliation info available
Klein A
No affiliation info available
Ledochowski M
No affiliation info available
Schennach H
No affiliation info available
Ueberall F
No affiliation info available
Fuchs D
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Anti-Inflammatory AgentsAntioxidantsCacaoCells, CulturedHumansInterferon-gammaKynurenineLeukocytes, MononuclearLipopolysaccharidesMitogensNeopterinPhytohemagglutininsPlant ExtractsSeedsTh1 CellsTryptophan

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

19330924

Citation

Jenny, M, et al. "Cacao Extracts Suppress Tryptophan Degradation of Mitogen-stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells." Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 122, no. 2, 2009, pp. 261-7.
Jenny M, Santer E, Klein A, et al. Cacao extracts suppress tryptophan degradation of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009;122(2):261-7.
Jenny, M., Santer, E., Klein, A., Ledochowski, M., Schennach, H., Ueberall, F., & Fuchs, D. (2009). Cacao extracts suppress tryptophan degradation of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 122(2), 261-7.
Jenny M, et al. Cacao Extracts Suppress Tryptophan Degradation of Mitogen-stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Mar 18;122(2):261-7. PubMed PMID: 19330924.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Cacao extracts suppress tryptophan degradation of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AU - Jenny,M, AU - Santer,E, AU - Klein,A, AU - Ledochowski,M, AU - Schennach,H, AU - Ueberall,F, AU - Fuchs,D, PY - 2009/3/31/entrez PY - 2009/3/31/pubmed PY - 2009/5/20/medline SP - 261 EP - 7 JF - Journal of ethnopharmacology JO - J Ethnopharmacol VL - 122 IS - 2 N2 - ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The fruits of Theobroma cacao L. (Sterculiaceae) have been used as food and a remedy for more than 4000 years. Today, about 100 therapeutic applications of cacao are described involving the gastrointestinal, nervous, cardiovascular and immune systems. Pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma and related biochemical pathways like tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and neopterin formation are closely associated with the pathogenesis of such disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of cacao extracts on interferon-gamma and biochemical consequences in immunocompetent cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Effects of aqueous or ethanolic extracts of cacao were examined on mitogen-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors and on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated myelomonocytic THP-1 cells. Antioxidant activity of extracts was determined by oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) assay. RESULTS: In mitogen-stimulated PBMC, enhanced degradation of tryptophan, formation of neopterin and interferon-gamma were almost completely suppressed by the cacao extracts at doses of > or = 5 microg/mL. Cacao extracts had no effect on tryptophan degradation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant suppressive effect of cacao extracts on pro-inflammatory pathways in activated T-cells. Particularly the influence on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase could relate to some of the beneficial health effects ascribed to cacao. SN - 1872-7573 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/19330924/Cacao_extracts_suppress_tryptophan_degradation_of_mitogen_stimulated_peripheral_blood_mononuclear_cells_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378-8741(09)00025-7 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -