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Meta-analysis of Alzheimer's disease risk with obesity, diabetes, and related disorders.
Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Mar 15; 67(6):505-12.BP

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder with major risk factors including advanced age, presence of an apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (APOE4) allele, and family history of AD. Other risk factors may be obesity and diabetes and related disorders, which are highly prevalent.

METHODS

We reviewed longitudinal epidemiological studies of body mass, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and glucose and insulin levels on risk for AD. We conducted meta-analyses of the results from these studies.

RESULTS

For obesity assessed by body mass index, the pooled effect size for AD was 1.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-2.5; z = 2.0; p = .042), and for diabetes, the pooled effect size for AD was 1.54 (95% CI 1.33-1.79; z = 5.7; p < .001). Egger's test did not find significant evidence for publication bias in the meta-analysis for obesity (t = -1.4, p = .21) or for diabetes (t = -.86, p = .42). Since these disorders are highly comorbid, we conducted a meta-analysis combining all studies of obesity, diabetes, and abnormal glucose or insulin levels, which yielded a highly significant pooled effect size for AD of 1.63 (95% CI 1.39-1.92; z = 5.9; p < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Obesity and diabetes significantly and independently increase risk for AD. Though the level of risk is less than that with the APOE4 allele, the high prevalence of these disorders may result in substantial increases in future incidence of AD. Physiological changes common to obesity and diabetes plausibly promote AD.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Profenno LA
Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA. profennl@upstate.edu
Porsteinsson AP
No affiliation info available
Faraone SV
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AgedAlzheimer DiseaseApolipoprotein E4Body Mass IndexDiabetes ComplicationsFemaleGlucoseHumansInsulinLongitudinal StudiesMaleMental Status ScheduleMiddle AgedObesityOverweightProportional Hazards ModelsPubMedRetrospective StudiesRisk Factors

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Meta-Analysis

Language

eng

PubMed ID

19358976

Citation

Profenno, Louis A., et al. "Meta-analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Risk With Obesity, Diabetes, and Related Disorders." Biological Psychiatry, vol. 67, no. 6, 2010, pp. 505-12.
Profenno LA, Porsteinsson AP, Faraone SV. Meta-analysis of Alzheimer's disease risk with obesity, diabetes, and related disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;67(6):505-12.
Profenno, L. A., Porsteinsson, A. P., & Faraone, S. V. (2010). Meta-analysis of Alzheimer's disease risk with obesity, diabetes, and related disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 67(6), 505-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.013
Profenno LA, Porsteinsson AP, Faraone SV. Meta-analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Risk With Obesity, Diabetes, and Related Disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Mar 15;67(6):505-12. PubMed PMID: 19358976.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Meta-analysis of Alzheimer's disease risk with obesity, diabetes, and related disorders. AU - Profenno,Louis A, AU - Porsteinsson,Anton P, AU - Faraone,Stephen V, Y1 - 2009/04/09/ PY - 2008/09/16/received PY - 2009/02/10/revised PY - 2009/02/19/accepted PY - 2009/4/11/entrez PY - 2009/4/11/pubmed PY - 2010/5/19/medline SP - 505 EP - 12 JF - Biological psychiatry JO - Biol Psychiatry VL - 67 IS - 6 N2 - BACKGROUND: Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder with major risk factors including advanced age, presence of an apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (APOE4) allele, and family history of AD. Other risk factors may be obesity and diabetes and related disorders, which are highly prevalent. METHODS: We reviewed longitudinal epidemiological studies of body mass, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and glucose and insulin levels on risk for AD. We conducted meta-analyses of the results from these studies. RESULTS: For obesity assessed by body mass index, the pooled effect size for AD was 1.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-2.5; z = 2.0; p = .042), and for diabetes, the pooled effect size for AD was 1.54 (95% CI 1.33-1.79; z = 5.7; p < .001). Egger's test did not find significant evidence for publication bias in the meta-analysis for obesity (t = -1.4, p = .21) or for diabetes (t = -.86, p = .42). Since these disorders are highly comorbid, we conducted a meta-analysis combining all studies of obesity, diabetes, and abnormal glucose or insulin levels, which yielded a highly significant pooled effect size for AD of 1.63 (95% CI 1.39-1.92; z = 5.9; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and diabetes significantly and independently increase risk for AD. Though the level of risk is less than that with the APOE4 allele, the high prevalence of these disorders may result in substantial increases in future incidence of AD. Physiological changes common to obesity and diabetes plausibly promote AD. SN - 1873-2402 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/19358976/Meta_analysis_of_Alzheimer's_disease_risk_with_obesity_diabetes_and_related_disorders_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006-3223(09)00226-1 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -