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The usefulness of the prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index (PINI) in a haemodialysis population.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Dec; 19(11):811-5.NM

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIM

Protein-Energy Wasting and inflammation are the principal risk factors of haemodialysis complications. We evaluated the reliability of a simple and non expensive test, the Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index (PINI), for regular screening of maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients in order to detect early onset of inflammation and malnutrition.

METHODS AND RESULTS

121 adult patients on maintenance dialysis were followed up for 32 months and screened every 6 months for PINI, calculated as alpha1-Acid Glycoprotein (alpha1-AG)xC-Reactive Protein (CRP)/AlbuminxTransthyretin. PINI score < or =1 was considered normal. Patients were stratified according to their PINI score: 86 patients (71.66%) had a normal score, whereas 35 (28.33%) had PINI > or = 1. The latter also had higher CRP levels, despite no clinical evidence of inflammation at the time of enrolment. Survival in patients with normal PINI was similar to patients with normal CRP, while in patients with abnormal PINI it was significantly lower than in patients with low serum albumin (p<0.05) or elevated CRP (p<0.05). After follow-up, all surviving MHD patients with PINI > or = 1 had at least one cardiovascular event vs 2.5% of patients with PINI > or = 1.

CONCLUSION

The assessment of PINI can reliably identify MHD patients at higher risk of mortality and morbidity even in the absence of overt Malnutrition-Inflammation Complex Syndrome (MICS). This simple test appears to be more sensitive and specific of the single components, and not expensive, so that it could be routinely used to identify patients with sub-clinical inflammation and/or malnutrition.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Dessì M
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy. mariarita.dessi@ptvonline.it
Noce A
No affiliation info available
Agnoli A
No affiliation info available
De Angelis S
No affiliation info available
Fuiano L
No affiliation info available
Tozzo C
No affiliation info available
Taccone-Gallucci M
No affiliation info available
Fuiano G
No affiliation info available
Federici G
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdultAgedBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinCardiovascular DiseasesCase-Control StudiesCost-Benefit AnalysisFemaleHealth Care CostsHumansInflammationInflammation MediatorsKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMiddle AgedNephelometry and TurbidimetryNutrition AssessmentOrosomucoidPrealbuminPredictive Value of TestsProtein-Energy MalnutritionROC CurveRenal DialysisReproducibility of ResultsRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSerum Albumin

Pub Type(s)

Comparative Study
Evaluation Study
Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

19361965

Citation

Dessì, M, et al. "The Usefulness of the Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index (PINI) in a Haemodialysis Population." Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD, vol. 19, no. 11, 2009, pp. 811-5.
Dessì M, Noce A, Agnoli A, et al. The usefulness of the prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index (PINI) in a haemodialysis population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;19(11):811-5.
Dessì, M., Noce, A., Agnoli, A., De Angelis, S., Fuiano, L., Tozzo, C., Taccone-Gallucci, M., Fuiano, G., & Federici, G. (2009). The usefulness of the prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index (PINI) in a haemodialysis population. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD, 19(11), 811-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2009.01.009
Dessì M, et al. The Usefulness of the Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index (PINI) in a Haemodialysis Population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;19(11):811-5. PubMed PMID: 19361965.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - The usefulness of the prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index (PINI) in a haemodialysis population. AU - Dessì,M, AU - Noce,A, AU - Agnoli,A, AU - De Angelis,S, AU - Fuiano,L, AU - Tozzo,C, AU - Taccone-Gallucci,M, AU - Fuiano,G, AU - Federici,G, Y1 - 2009/04/09/ PY - 2008/08/21/received PY - 2009/01/13/revised PY - 2009/01/29/accepted PY - 2009/4/14/entrez PY - 2009/4/14/pubmed PY - 2010/1/29/medline SP - 811 EP - 5 JF - Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD JO - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis VL - 19 IS - 11 N2 - BACKGROUND AND AIM: Protein-Energy Wasting and inflammation are the principal risk factors of haemodialysis complications. We evaluated the reliability of a simple and non expensive test, the Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index (PINI), for regular screening of maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients in order to detect early onset of inflammation and malnutrition. METHODS AND RESULTS: 121 adult patients on maintenance dialysis were followed up for 32 months and screened every 6 months for PINI, calculated as alpha1-Acid Glycoprotein (alpha1-AG)xC-Reactive Protein (CRP)/AlbuminxTransthyretin. PINI score < or =1 was considered normal. Patients were stratified according to their PINI score: 86 patients (71.66%) had a normal score, whereas 35 (28.33%) had PINI > or = 1. The latter also had higher CRP levels, despite no clinical evidence of inflammation at the time of enrolment. Survival in patients with normal PINI was similar to patients with normal CRP, while in patients with abnormal PINI it was significantly lower than in patients with low serum albumin (p<0.05) or elevated CRP (p<0.05). After follow-up, all surviving MHD patients with PINI > or = 1 had at least one cardiovascular event vs 2.5% of patients with PINI > or = 1. CONCLUSION: The assessment of PINI can reliably identify MHD patients at higher risk of mortality and morbidity even in the absence of overt Malnutrition-Inflammation Complex Syndrome (MICS). This simple test appears to be more sensitive and specific of the single components, and not expensive, so that it could be routinely used to identify patients with sub-clinical inflammation and/or malnutrition. SN - 1590-3729 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/19361965/The_usefulness_of_the_prognostic_inflammatory_and_nutritional_index__PINI__in_a_haemodialysis_population_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0939-4753(09)00031-3 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -