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Evaluative learning with single versus multiple unconditioned stimuli: the role of contingency awareness.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2009 Apr; 35(2):286-91.JE

Abstract

Evaluative conditioning (EC) is obtained when an initially neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) becomes evaluated positively (negatively) after being paired with an evaluatively positive (negative) unconditioned stimulus (US). Most EC studies have paired a given CS with a single US, but EC has also been obtained when a CS was paired with multiple USs of the same valence. This study compares how both variants of CS-US pairing affect awareness for CS-US pairings and ultimately EC effects. EC was assessed directly and indirectly, using evaluative ratings and the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task. Memory for US identity and US valence was assessed to investigate effects of awareness. The multiple-US condition showed attenuated EC effects compared with the single-US condition. The direct measure showed EC effects when awareness of US valence or US identity was present. The indirect measure showed EC effects only when awareness of US identity was present. Results are discussed with regard to the role of contingency awareness in EC.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Stahl C
Institute for Psychology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. stahl@psychologie.uni-freiburg.de
Unkelbach C
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AffectAttentionAwarenessConditioning, PsychologicalFemaleHumansMaleMemoryModels, PsychologicalReaction TimeYoung Adult

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

19364238

Citation

Stahl, Christoph, and Christian Unkelbach. "Evaluative Learning With Single Versus Multiple Unconditioned Stimuli: the Role of Contingency Awareness." Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes, vol. 35, no. 2, 2009, pp. 286-91.
Stahl C, Unkelbach C. Evaluative learning with single versus multiple unconditioned stimuli: the role of contingency awareness. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2009;35(2):286-91.
Stahl, C., & Unkelbach, C. (2009). Evaluative learning with single versus multiple unconditioned stimuli: the role of contingency awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes, 35(2), 286-91. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013255
Stahl C, Unkelbach C. Evaluative Learning With Single Versus Multiple Unconditioned Stimuli: the Role of Contingency Awareness. J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2009;35(2):286-91. PubMed PMID: 19364238.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluative learning with single versus multiple unconditioned stimuli: the role of contingency awareness. AU - Stahl,Christoph, AU - Unkelbach,Christian, PY - 2009/4/15/entrez PY - 2009/4/15/pubmed PY - 2009/6/26/medline SP - 286 EP - 91 JF - Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes JO - J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process VL - 35 IS - 2 N2 - Evaluative conditioning (EC) is obtained when an initially neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) becomes evaluated positively (negatively) after being paired with an evaluatively positive (negative) unconditioned stimulus (US). Most EC studies have paired a given CS with a single US, but EC has also been obtained when a CS was paired with multiple USs of the same valence. This study compares how both variants of CS-US pairing affect awareness for CS-US pairings and ultimately EC effects. EC was assessed directly and indirectly, using evaluative ratings and the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task. Memory for US identity and US valence was assessed to investigate effects of awareness. The multiple-US condition showed attenuated EC effects compared with the single-US condition. The direct measure showed EC effects when awareness of US valence or US identity was present. The indirect measure showed EC effects only when awareness of US identity was present. Results are discussed with regard to the role of contingency awareness in EC. SN - 0097-7403 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/19364238/Evaluative_learning_with_single_versus_multiple_unconditioned_stimuli:_the_role_of_contingency_awareness_ L2 - http://content.apa.org/journals/xan/35/2/286 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -