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Omega-3 fatty acids and risk of dementia: the Canadian Study of Health and Aging.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jul; 90(1):184-92.AJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may protect against dementia, although epidemiologic studies have yielded inconclusive results. Fish is the main dietary source of n-3 PUFAs and is sometimes contaminated with mercury. This neurotoxicant may modify the association with dementia.

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated the association of erythrocyte membrane total n-3 PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and blood mercury with the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD) in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) with adjustment for confounders including apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (APOE epsilon4) status.

DESIGN

The CSHA is a cohort study of a representative sample of persons aged > or =65 y, conducted from 1991 to 2002. A subsample of 663 nondemented CSHA subjects with a complete clinical examination, blood samples, and follow-up information was eligible for prospective analyses on laboratory measurements. Of these, 149 were incident cases of dementia, including 105 with AD.

RESULTS

In adjusted Cox regression models with age as the time scale, there were no associations between total n-3 PUFAs, DHA, or EPA and dementia or AD. In contrast, a mercury concentration in the highest quartile was associated with a reduced risk of dementia (hazard ratio: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.88). However, significant risk reductions were limited to subjects with concentrations of both n-3 PUFAs and mercury that were above the median. There was no modification of risk by APOE epsilon4 status.

CONCLUSIONS

No associations between n-3 PUFAs and dementia or AD were found. The results regarding mercury may indicate a spurious association.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Kröger E
Centre d'Excellence sur le Vieillissement de Quebec, Unite de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Centre de Recherche FRSQ du Centre Hospitalier Affilie Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada.
Verreault R
No affiliation info available
Carmichael PH
No affiliation info available
Lindsay J
No affiliation info available
Julien P
No affiliation info available
Dewailly E
No affiliation info available
Ayotte P
No affiliation info available
Laurin D
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AgedAgingAlzheimer DiseaseApolipoprotein E4CanadaCohort StudiesDocosahexaenoic AcidsEicosapentaenoic AcidFatty Acids, Omega-3HumansLongitudinal StudiesMercuryRegression Analysis

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

19474137

Citation

Kröger, Edeltraut, et al. "Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Dementia: the Canadian Study of Health and Aging." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 90, no. 1, 2009, pp. 184-92.
Kröger E, Verreault R, Carmichael PH, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and risk of dementia: the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90(1):184-92.
Kröger, E., Verreault, R., Carmichael, P. H., Lindsay, J., Julien, P., Dewailly, E., Ayotte, P., & Laurin, D. (2009). Omega-3 fatty acids and risk of dementia: the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 90(1), 184-92. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26987
Kröger E, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Dementia: the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90(1):184-92. PubMed PMID: 19474137.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Omega-3 fatty acids and risk of dementia: the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. AU - Kröger,Edeltraut, AU - Verreault,René, AU - Carmichael,Pierre-Hugues, AU - Lindsay,Joan, AU - Julien,Pierre, AU - Dewailly,Eric, AU - Ayotte,Pierre, AU - Laurin,Danielle, Y1 - 2009/05/27/ PY - 2009/5/29/entrez PY - 2009/5/29/pubmed PY - 2009/7/9/medline SP - 184 EP - 92 JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition JO - Am J Clin Nutr VL - 90 IS - 1 N2 - BACKGROUND: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may protect against dementia, although epidemiologic studies have yielded inconclusive results. Fish is the main dietary source of n-3 PUFAs and is sometimes contaminated with mercury. This neurotoxicant may modify the association with dementia. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the association of erythrocyte membrane total n-3 PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and blood mercury with the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD) in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) with adjustment for confounders including apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (APOE epsilon4) status. DESIGN: The CSHA is a cohort study of a representative sample of persons aged > or =65 y, conducted from 1991 to 2002. A subsample of 663 nondemented CSHA subjects with a complete clinical examination, blood samples, and follow-up information was eligible for prospective analyses on laboratory measurements. Of these, 149 were incident cases of dementia, including 105 with AD. RESULTS: In adjusted Cox regression models with age as the time scale, there were no associations between total n-3 PUFAs, DHA, or EPA and dementia or AD. In contrast, a mercury concentration in the highest quartile was associated with a reduced risk of dementia (hazard ratio: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.88). However, significant risk reductions were limited to subjects with concentrations of both n-3 PUFAs and mercury that were above the median. There was no modification of risk by APOE epsilon4 status. CONCLUSIONS: No associations between n-3 PUFAs and dementia or AD were found. The results regarding mercury may indicate a spurious association. SN - 1938-3207 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/19474137/Omega_3_fatty_acids_and_risk_of_dementia:_the_Canadian_Study_of_Health_and_Aging_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -