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Omega-3 fatty acids and dementia.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2009 Aug-Sep; 81(2-3):213-21.PL

Abstract

More than a dozen epidemiological studies have reported that reduced levels or intake of omega-3 fatty acids or fish consumption is associated with increased risk for age-related cognitive decline or dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increased dietary consumption or blood levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) appear protective for AD and other dementia in multiple epidemiological studies; however, three studies suggest that the ApoE4 genotype limits protection. DHA is broadly neuroprotective via multiple mechanisms that include neuroprotective DHA metabolites, reduced arachidonic acid metabolites, and increased trophic factors or downstream trophic signal transduction. DHA is also protective against several risk factors for dementia including head trauma, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. DHA is specifically protective against AD via additional mechanisms: It limits the production and accumulation of the amyloid beta peptide toxin that is widely believed to drive the disease; and it also suppresses several signal transduction pathways induced by Abeta, including two major kinases that phosphorylate the microtubule-associated protein tau and promote neurofibrillary tangle pathology. Based on the epidemiological and basic research data, expert panels have recommended the need for clinical trials with omega-3 fatty acids, notably DHA, for the prevention or treatment of age-related cognitive decline--with a focus on the most prevalent cause, AD. Clinical trials are underway to prevent and treat AD. Results to-date suggest that DHA may be more effective if it is begun early or used in conjunction with antioxidants.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Cole GM
Department of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. gmcole@ucla.edu
Ma QL
No affiliation info available
Frautschy SA
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AgedAged, 80 and overAlzheimer DiseaseAnimalsAntioxidantsClinical Trials as TopicCognition DisordersDementiaDietFatty Acids, Omega-3HumansMaleMiddle AgedNeuroprotective AgentsRisktau Proteins

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

19523795

Citation

Cole, Greg M., et al. "Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Dementia." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 81, no. 2-3, 2009, pp. 213-21.
Cole GM, Ma QL, Frautschy SA. Omega-3 fatty acids and dementia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2009;81(2-3):213-21.
Cole, G. M., Ma, Q. L., & Frautschy, S. A. (2009). Omega-3 fatty acids and dementia. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids, 81(2-3), 213-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2009.05.015
Cole GM, Ma QL, Frautschy SA. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Dementia. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2009 Aug-Sep;81(2-3):213-21. PubMed PMID: 19523795.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Omega-3 fatty acids and dementia. AU - Cole,Greg M, AU - Ma,Qiu-Lan, AU - Frautschy,Sally A, Y1 - 2009/06/12/ PY - 2009/6/16/entrez PY - 2009/6/16/pubmed PY - 2009/12/16/medline SP - 213 EP - 21 JF - Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids JO - Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids VL - 81 IS - 2-3 N2 - More than a dozen epidemiological studies have reported that reduced levels or intake of omega-3 fatty acids or fish consumption is associated with increased risk for age-related cognitive decline or dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increased dietary consumption or blood levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) appear protective for AD and other dementia in multiple epidemiological studies; however, three studies suggest that the ApoE4 genotype limits protection. DHA is broadly neuroprotective via multiple mechanisms that include neuroprotective DHA metabolites, reduced arachidonic acid metabolites, and increased trophic factors or downstream trophic signal transduction. DHA is also protective against several risk factors for dementia including head trauma, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. DHA is specifically protective against AD via additional mechanisms: It limits the production and accumulation of the amyloid beta peptide toxin that is widely believed to drive the disease; and it also suppresses several signal transduction pathways induced by Abeta, including two major kinases that phosphorylate the microtubule-associated protein tau and promote neurofibrillary tangle pathology. Based on the epidemiological and basic research data, expert panels have recommended the need for clinical trials with omega-3 fatty acids, notably DHA, for the prevention or treatment of age-related cognitive decline--with a focus on the most prevalent cause, AD. Clinical trials are underway to prevent and treat AD. Results to-date suggest that DHA may be more effective if it is begun early or used in conjunction with antioxidants. SN - 1532-2823 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/19523795/Omega_3_fatty_acids_and_dementia_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0952-3278(09)00090-8 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -