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Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Aug; 109(8):1439-44.JA

Abstract

"Mindful eating" describes a nonjudgmental awareness of physical and emotional sensations associated with eating. This article reports the development of a mindful eating questionnaire (MEQ) to support rigorous scientific inquiry into this concept. An item pool was developed based on hypothesized domains of mindful eating. A cross-sectional survey examined associations of MEQ scores with demographic and health-related characteristics. The MEQ was distributed to seven convenience samples between January and May 2007, with an overall response rate of 62% (n=303). Participants were mostly women (81%) and white (90%), and had a mean age of 42+/-14.4 years (range 18 to 80 years). Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify factors, which were defined as the mean of items scored one to four, where four indicated higher mindfulness; the mean of all factors was the summary MEQ score. Multiple regression analysis was used to measure associations of demographic characteristics, obesity, yoga practice, and physical activity with MEQ scores. Domains of the final 28-item questionnaire were: disinhibition, awareness, external cues, emotional response, and distraction. The mean MEQ score was 2.92+/-0.37, with a reliability (Chronbach's alpha) of .64. The covariate-adjusted MEQ score was inversely associated with body mass index (3.02 for body mass index <25 vs 2.54 for body mass index >30, P<0.001). Yoga practice, but neither walking nor moderate/intense physical activity, was associated with higher MEQ score. In this study sample, the MEQ had good measurement characteristics. Its negative association with body mass index and positive association with yoga provide evidence of construct validity. Further evaluation in more diverse populations is warranted.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Framson C
Interdisciplinary Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Kristal AR
No affiliation info available
Schenk JM
No affiliation info available
Littman AJ
No affiliation info available
Zeliadt S
No affiliation info available
Benitez D
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAwarenessCross-Sectional StudiesEatingFeeding BehaviorFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPsychometricsRegression AnalysisSelf ConceptSurveys and QuestionnairesUnconscious, PsychologyYoung Adult

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Validation Study

Language

eng

PubMed ID

19631053

Clinical Trial Links

Healthy Weight and Stress Management Study

Citation

Framson, Celia, et al. "Development and Validation of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire." Journal of the American Dietetic Association, vol. 109, no. 8, 2009, pp. 1439-44.
Framson C, Kristal AR, Schenk JM, et al. Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109(8):1439-44.
Framson, C., Kristal, A. R., Schenk, J. M., Littman, A. J., Zeliadt, S., & Benitez, D. (2009). Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(8), 1439-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.006
Framson C, et al. Development and Validation of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109(8):1439-44. PubMed PMID: 19631053.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire. AU - Framson,Celia, AU - Kristal,Alan R, AU - Schenk,Jeannette M, AU - Littman,Alyson J, AU - Zeliadt,Steve, AU - Benitez,Denise, PY - 2008/08/05/received PY - 2009/01/23/accepted PY - 2009/7/28/entrez PY - 2009/7/28/pubmed PY - 2009/8/4/medline SP - 1439 EP - 44 JF - Journal of the American Dietetic Association JO - J Am Diet Assoc VL - 109 IS - 8 N2 - "Mindful eating" describes a nonjudgmental awareness of physical and emotional sensations associated with eating. This article reports the development of a mindful eating questionnaire (MEQ) to support rigorous scientific inquiry into this concept. An item pool was developed based on hypothesized domains of mindful eating. A cross-sectional survey examined associations of MEQ scores with demographic and health-related characteristics. The MEQ was distributed to seven convenience samples between January and May 2007, with an overall response rate of 62% (n=303). Participants were mostly women (81%) and white (90%), and had a mean age of 42+/-14.4 years (range 18 to 80 years). Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify factors, which were defined as the mean of items scored one to four, where four indicated higher mindfulness; the mean of all factors was the summary MEQ score. Multiple regression analysis was used to measure associations of demographic characteristics, obesity, yoga practice, and physical activity with MEQ scores. Domains of the final 28-item questionnaire were: disinhibition, awareness, external cues, emotional response, and distraction. The mean MEQ score was 2.92+/-0.37, with a reliability (Chronbach's alpha) of .64. The covariate-adjusted MEQ score was inversely associated with body mass index (3.02 for body mass index <25 vs 2.54 for body mass index >30, P<0.001). Yoga practice, but neither walking nor moderate/intense physical activity, was associated with higher MEQ score. In this study sample, the MEQ had good measurement characteristics. Its negative association with body mass index and positive association with yoga provide evidence of construct validity. Further evaluation in more diverse populations is warranted. SN - 1878-3570 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/19631053/abstract/Development_and_validation_of_the_mindful_eating_questionnaire_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-8223(09)00628-2 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -