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Field-scale cleanup of atrazine and cyanazine contaminated soil with a combined chemical-biological approach.
J Environ Qual. 2009 Sep-Oct; 38(5):1803-11.JE

Abstract

A former agrichemical dealership in western Nebraska was suspected of having contaminated soil. Our objective was to characterize and remediate the contaminated site by a combined chemical-biological approach. This was accomplished by creating contour maps of the on-site contamination, placing the top 60 cm of contaminated soil in windrows and mixing with a mechanical high-speed mixer. Homogenized soil containing both atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] and cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile} was then used in laboratory investigations to determine optimum treatments for pesticide destruction. Iron suspension experiments verified that zerovalent iron (Fe(0)) plus ferrous sulfate (FeSO(4).7H(2)O) removed more than 90% of both atrazine and cyanazine within 14 d. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of the atrazine solution after treating with Fe(0) and ferrous sulfate identified several degradation products commonly associated with biodegradation (i.e., deethlyatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA), hydroxyatrazine (HA), and ammelines). Biological treatment evaluated emulsified soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil (EOS) as a carbon source to stimulate biodegradation in static soil microcosms. Combining emulsified soybean oil with the chemical amendments resulted in higher destruction efficiencies (80-85%) and reduced the percentage of FeSO(4) needed. This chemical-biological treatment (Fe(0) + FeSO(4) + EOS, EOS Remediation, Raleigh, NC) was then applied with water to 275 m(3) of contaminated soil in the field. Windrows were tightly covered with clear plastic to increase soil temperature and maintain soil water content. Temporal sampling (0-342 d) revealed atrazine and cyanazine concentrations decreased by 79 to 91%. These results provide evidence that a combined chemical-biological approach can be used for on-site, field-scale treatment of pesticide-contaminated soil.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Waria M
School of Natural Resources, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA.
Comfort SD
No affiliation info available
Onanong S
No affiliation info available
Satapanajaru T
No affiliation info available
Boparai H
No affiliation info available
Harris C
No affiliation info available
Snow DD
No affiliation info available
Cassada DA
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AtrazineChromatography, LiquidEnvironmental Restoration and RemediationFerrous CompoundsIronMass SpectrometryPlant OilsSoil MicrobiologySoil PollutantsSoybeansTriazines

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

19643745

Citation

Waria, M, et al. "Field-scale Cleanup of Atrazine and Cyanazine Contaminated Soil With a Combined Chemical-biological Approach." Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 38, no. 5, 2009, pp. 1803-11.
Waria M, Comfort SD, Onanong S, et al. Field-scale cleanup of atrazine and cyanazine contaminated soil with a combined chemical-biological approach. J Environ Qual. 2009;38(5):1803-11.
Waria, M., Comfort, S. D., Onanong, S., Satapanajaru, T., Boparai, H., Harris, C., Snow, D. D., & Cassada, D. A. (2009). Field-scale cleanup of atrazine and cyanazine contaminated soil with a combined chemical-biological approach. Journal of Environmental Quality, 38(5), 1803-11. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0361
Waria M, et al. Field-scale Cleanup of Atrazine and Cyanazine Contaminated Soil With a Combined Chemical-biological Approach. J Environ Qual. 2009 Sep-Oct;38(5):1803-11. PubMed PMID: 19643745.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Field-scale cleanup of atrazine and cyanazine contaminated soil with a combined chemical-biological approach. AU - Waria,M, AU - Comfort,S D, AU - Onanong,S, AU - Satapanajaru,T, AU - Boparai,H, AU - Harris,C, AU - Snow,D D, AU - Cassada,D A, Y1 - 2009/07/23/ PY - 2009/8/1/entrez PY - 2009/8/1/pubmed PY - 2009/10/24/medline SP - 1803 EP - 11 JF - Journal of environmental quality JO - J Environ Qual VL - 38 IS - 5 N2 - A former agrichemical dealership in western Nebraska was suspected of having contaminated soil. Our objective was to characterize and remediate the contaminated site by a combined chemical-biological approach. This was accomplished by creating contour maps of the on-site contamination, placing the top 60 cm of contaminated soil in windrows and mixing with a mechanical high-speed mixer. Homogenized soil containing both atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] and cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile} was then used in laboratory investigations to determine optimum treatments for pesticide destruction. Iron suspension experiments verified that zerovalent iron (Fe(0)) plus ferrous sulfate (FeSO(4).7H(2)O) removed more than 90% of both atrazine and cyanazine within 14 d. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of the atrazine solution after treating with Fe(0) and ferrous sulfate identified several degradation products commonly associated with biodegradation (i.e., deethlyatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA), hydroxyatrazine (HA), and ammelines). Biological treatment evaluated emulsified soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil (EOS) as a carbon source to stimulate biodegradation in static soil microcosms. Combining emulsified soybean oil with the chemical amendments resulted in higher destruction efficiencies (80-85%) and reduced the percentage of FeSO(4) needed. This chemical-biological treatment (Fe(0) + FeSO(4) + EOS, EOS Remediation, Raleigh, NC) was then applied with water to 275 m(3) of contaminated soil in the field. Windrows were tightly covered with clear plastic to increase soil temperature and maintain soil water content. Temporal sampling (0-342 d) revealed atrazine and cyanazine concentrations decreased by 79 to 91%. These results provide evidence that a combined chemical-biological approach can be used for on-site, field-scale treatment of pesticide-contaminated soil. SN - 0047-2425 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/19643745/Field_scale_cleanup_of_atrazine_and_cyanazine_contaminated_soil_with_a_combined_chemical_biological_approach_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -