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Changing trends in antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A in Chennai.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2009 Oct-Dec; 52(4):505-8.IJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Chloramphenicol was considered the anti-microbial gold standard for typhoid treatment but, following the increasing worldwide frequency of antibiotic resistance, ciprofloxacin has been the mainstay of therapy since 1980. Recent studies have shown a shifting of susceptibility to conventional drugs like chloramphenicol, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of chloramphenicol and other first-line drugs in comparison with cephalosporins and quinolones.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fifty isolates of Salmonella obtained from blood culture were subjected to serotyping at the Central Research Institute, Kasauli. Phage typing and biotyping was performed at the National Phage Typing Centre, New Delhi. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out for 10 drugs by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration by broth microdilution for nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefixime and ofloxacin. Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains were checked for plasmid.

RESULTS

In the present study, 70 and 30% of the isolates were Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi A, respectively. They were highly sensitive to chloramphenicol (86%), ampicillin (84%) and cotrimoxazole (88%). Highest sensitivity was seen for cephalosporins, followed by quinolones. Seventeen/21 (81%) and 100% of the Salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains belonged to E1 phage type and biotype 1, respectively. Antibiogram showed 2% of the strains to be sensitive to all the drugs tested and 12% were MDR and showed the presence of plasmids.

CONCLUSION

The study indicates reemergence of chloramphenicol-susceptible Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi A isolates, a significant decline in MDR strains and high resistance to nalidixic acid. E1 phage type and biotype 1 are found to be most prevalent in Chennai, India.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Krishnan P
Department of Microbiology, Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chenai, India. padma.abpkn@gmail.com
Stalin M
No affiliation info available
Balasubramanian S
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial Typing TechniquesBacteriophage TypingBloodDrug Resistance, BacterialHumansIndiaMicrobial Sensitivity TestsParatyphoid FeverPlasmidsSalmonella paratyphi ASalmonella typhiSerotypingTyphoid Fever

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

19805957

Citation

Krishnan, Padma, et al. "Changing Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi and Salmonella Enterica Serovar Paratyphi a in Chennai." Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology, vol. 52, no. 4, 2009, pp. 505-8.
Krishnan P, Stalin M, Balasubramanian S. Changing trends in antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A in Chennai. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2009;52(4):505-8.
Krishnan, P., Stalin, M., & Balasubramanian, S. (2009). Changing trends in antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A in Chennai. Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology, 52(4), 505-8. https://doi.org/10.4103/0377-4929.56140
Krishnan P, Stalin M, Balasubramanian S. Changing Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi and Salmonella Enterica Serovar Paratyphi a in Chennai. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2009 Oct-Dec;52(4):505-8. PubMed PMID: 19805957.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Changing trends in antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A in Chennai. AU - Krishnan,Padma, AU - Stalin,M, AU - Balasubramanian,S, PY - 2009/10/7/entrez PY - 2009/10/7/pubmed PY - 2009/12/16/medline SP - 505 EP - 8 JF - Indian journal of pathology & microbiology JO - Indian J Pathol Microbiol VL - 52 IS - 4 N2 - BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chloramphenicol was considered the anti-microbial gold standard for typhoid treatment but, following the increasing worldwide frequency of antibiotic resistance, ciprofloxacin has been the mainstay of therapy since 1980. Recent studies have shown a shifting of susceptibility to conventional drugs like chloramphenicol, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of chloramphenicol and other first-line drugs in comparison with cephalosporins and quinolones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty isolates of Salmonella obtained from blood culture were subjected to serotyping at the Central Research Institute, Kasauli. Phage typing and biotyping was performed at the National Phage Typing Centre, New Delhi. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out for 10 drugs by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration by broth microdilution for nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefixime and ofloxacin. Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains were checked for plasmid. RESULTS: In the present study, 70 and 30% of the isolates were Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi A, respectively. They were highly sensitive to chloramphenicol (86%), ampicillin (84%) and cotrimoxazole (88%). Highest sensitivity was seen for cephalosporins, followed by quinolones. Seventeen/21 (81%) and 100% of the Salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains belonged to E1 phage type and biotype 1, respectively. Antibiogram showed 2% of the strains to be sensitive to all the drugs tested and 12% were MDR and showed the presence of plasmids. CONCLUSION: The study indicates reemergence of chloramphenicol-susceptible Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi A isolates, a significant decline in MDR strains and high resistance to nalidixic acid. E1 phage type and biotype 1 are found to be most prevalent in Chennai, India. SN - 0974-5130 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/19805957/Changing_trends_in_antimicrobial_resistance_of_Salmonella_enterica_serovar_typhi_and_salmonella_enterica_serovar_paratyphi_A_in_Chennai_ L2 - http://www.ijpmonline.org/article.asp?issn=0377-4929;year=2009;volume=52;issue=4;spage=505;epage=508;aulast=Krishnan DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -