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Psychiatric comorbidity among children and adolescents with and without persistent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010 Feb; 44(2):135-43.AN

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The aims of the present study were to examine the current psychiatric comorbidity among children and adolescents with and without persistent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as compared to school controls, and to determine the factors predicting psychiatric comorbidity.

METHOD

The sample included 296 patients (male, 85.5%), aged 11-17, who were diagnosed with DSM-IV ADHD at the mean age of 6.7 +/- 2.7 years and 185 school controls. The ADHD and other psychiatric diagnoses were made based on clinical assessments and confirmed by psychiatric interviews. The ADHD group was categorized into 186 patients (62.8%) with persistent ADHD and 110 (37.2%) without persistent ADHD.

RESULTS

Compared to the controls, the two ADHD groups were more likely to have oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), tics, mood disorders, past and regular use of substances, substance use disorders and sleep disorders (odds ratios (ORs) = 1.8-25.3). Patients with persistent ADHD had higher risks for anxiety disorders, particularly specific phobia than the controls. Moreover, patients with persistent ADHD were more likely to have ODD than their partially remitted counterparts. Advanced analyses indicated that more severe baseline ADHD symptoms predicted ODD/CD at adolescence; longer methylphenidate treatment duration was associated with an increased risk for tics and ODD/CD at adolescence; and older age predicted higher risks for mood disorders and substance use disorders.

CONCLUSION

Reduced ADHD symptoms at adolescence may not lead to decreased risks for psychiatric comorbidity, and identification of severe ADHD symptoms at childhood and age-specific comorbid patterns throughout the developmental stage is important to offset the long-term adverse psychiatric outcomes of ADHD.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Gau SS
Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. gaushufe@ntu.edu.tw
Ni HC
No affiliation info available
Shang CY
No affiliation info available
Soong WT
No affiliation info available
Wu YY
No affiliation info available
Lin LY
No affiliation info available
Chiu YN
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdolescentAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAttention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior DisordersChildConduct DisorderDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersFemaleHumansMaleMood DisordersOdds RatioRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexSex FactorsSubstance-Related DisordersSurveys and QuestionnairesTics

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

20113302

Citation

Gau, Susan Shur-Fen, et al. "Psychiatric Comorbidity Among Children and Adolescents With and Without Persistent Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 44, no. 2, 2010, pp. 135-43.
Gau SS, Ni HC, Shang CY, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity among children and adolescents with and without persistent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010;44(2):135-43.
Gau, S. S., Ni, H. C., Shang, C. Y., Soong, W. T., Wu, Y. Y., Lin, L. Y., & Chiu, Y. N. (2010). Psychiatric comorbidity among children and adolescents with and without persistent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44(2), 135-43. https://doi.org/10.3109/00048670903282733
Gau SS, et al. Psychiatric Comorbidity Among Children and Adolescents With and Without Persistent Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010;44(2):135-43. PubMed PMID: 20113302.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Psychiatric comorbidity among children and adolescents with and without persistent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. AU - Gau,Susan Shur-Fen, AU - Ni,Hsing-Chang, AU - Shang,Chi-Yung, AU - Soong,Wei-Tsuen, AU - Wu,Yu-Yu, AU - Lin,Liang-Ying, AU - Chiu,Yen-Nan, PY - 2010/2/2/entrez PY - 2010/2/2/pubmed PY - 2010/4/20/medline SP - 135 EP - 43 JF - The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry JO - Aust N Z J Psychiatry VL - 44 IS - 2 N2 - OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to examine the current psychiatric comorbidity among children and adolescents with and without persistent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as compared to school controls, and to determine the factors predicting psychiatric comorbidity. METHOD: The sample included 296 patients (male, 85.5%), aged 11-17, who were diagnosed with DSM-IV ADHD at the mean age of 6.7 +/- 2.7 years and 185 school controls. The ADHD and other psychiatric diagnoses were made based on clinical assessments and confirmed by psychiatric interviews. The ADHD group was categorized into 186 patients (62.8%) with persistent ADHD and 110 (37.2%) without persistent ADHD. RESULTS: Compared to the controls, the two ADHD groups were more likely to have oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), tics, mood disorders, past and regular use of substances, substance use disorders and sleep disorders (odds ratios (ORs) = 1.8-25.3). Patients with persistent ADHD had higher risks for anxiety disorders, particularly specific phobia than the controls. Moreover, patients with persistent ADHD were more likely to have ODD than their partially remitted counterparts. Advanced analyses indicated that more severe baseline ADHD symptoms predicted ODD/CD at adolescence; longer methylphenidate treatment duration was associated with an increased risk for tics and ODD/CD at adolescence; and older age predicted higher risks for mood disorders and substance use disorders. CONCLUSION: Reduced ADHD symptoms at adolescence may not lead to decreased risks for psychiatric comorbidity, and identification of severe ADHD symptoms at childhood and age-specific comorbid patterns throughout the developmental stage is important to offset the long-term adverse psychiatric outcomes of ADHD. SN - 1440-1614 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/20113302/Psychiatric_comorbidity_among_children_and_adolescents_with_and_without_persistent_attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_ L2 - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3109/00048670903282733?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub=pubmed DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -