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Absence of pomegranate ellagitannins in the majority of commercial Pomegranate extracts: implications for standardization and quality control.
J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Aug 26; 57(16):7395-400.JA

Abstract

The health benefits associated with pomegranate juice have led to the development of pomegranate extracts as botanical dietary supplements. Pomegranates contain hydrolyzable tannins in the form of punicalagins and punicalin as well as tannin-based complex oligomers that account for much of the antioxidant activity in juice. The content of ellagic acid has been used to standardize most pomegranate extract dietary supplements marketed. However, supplements can be adulterated with ellagic acid from less expensive plant sources and undercut this method of standardization. To compare the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of commercially available pomegranate extract dietary supplements beyond their content of ellagic acid, a total of 27 different supplements in the form of capsules, tablets, and soft gels were studied. Total phenolics were measured using both gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and ellagic acid equivalent (EAE) assays. Punicalagins, punicalin, and ellagic acid contents were determined by HPLC, whereas antioxidant capacity was measured using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. Of the 27 supplements tested, only 5 had the typical pomegranate tannin profile by HPLC, 17 had ellagic acid as the predominant chemical with minor or no detectable pomegranate tannins, and 5 had no detectable tannins or ellagic acid. Therefore, standardization of pomegranate extract supplements based on their ellagic acid content does not guarantee pomegranate supplement authenticity. Future research is needed to assess the health impact of substituting ellagic acid for the complex mix of phytochemicals in a pomegranate extract dietary supplement.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Zhang Y
Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Wang D
No affiliation info available
Lee RP
No affiliation info available
Henning SM
No affiliation info available
Heber D
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AntioxidantsDietary SupplementsHydrolyzable TanninsLythraceaePlant ExtractsQuality ControlReference Standards

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

20349921

Citation

Zhang, Yanjun, et al. "Absence of Pomegranate Ellagitannins in the Majority of Commercial Pomegranate Extracts: Implications for Standardization and Quality Control." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 57, no. 16, 2009, pp. 7395-400.
Zhang Y, Wang D, Lee RP, et al. Absence of pomegranate ellagitannins in the majority of commercial Pomegranate extracts: implications for standardization and quality control. J Agric Food Chem. 2009;57(16):7395-400.
Zhang, Y., Wang, D., Lee, R. P., Henning, S. M., & Heber, D. (2009). Absence of pomegranate ellagitannins in the majority of commercial Pomegranate extracts: implications for standardization and quality control. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(16), 7395-400. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9010017
Zhang Y, et al. Absence of Pomegranate Ellagitannins in the Majority of Commercial Pomegranate Extracts: Implications for Standardization and Quality Control. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Aug 26;57(16):7395-400. PubMed PMID: 20349921.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Absence of pomegranate ellagitannins in the majority of commercial Pomegranate extracts: implications for standardization and quality control. AU - Zhang,Yanjun, AU - Wang,David, AU - Lee,Ru-Po, AU - Henning,Susanne M, AU - Heber,David, PY - 2010/3/31/entrez PY - 2010/3/31/pubmed PY - 2010/7/16/medline SP - 7395 EP - 400 JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry JO - J Agric Food Chem VL - 57 IS - 16 N2 - The health benefits associated with pomegranate juice have led to the development of pomegranate extracts as botanical dietary supplements. Pomegranates contain hydrolyzable tannins in the form of punicalagins and punicalin as well as tannin-based complex oligomers that account for much of the antioxidant activity in juice. The content of ellagic acid has been used to standardize most pomegranate extract dietary supplements marketed. However, supplements can be adulterated with ellagic acid from less expensive plant sources and undercut this method of standardization. To compare the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of commercially available pomegranate extract dietary supplements beyond their content of ellagic acid, a total of 27 different supplements in the form of capsules, tablets, and soft gels were studied. Total phenolics were measured using both gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and ellagic acid equivalent (EAE) assays. Punicalagins, punicalin, and ellagic acid contents were determined by HPLC, whereas antioxidant capacity was measured using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. Of the 27 supplements tested, only 5 had the typical pomegranate tannin profile by HPLC, 17 had ellagic acid as the predominant chemical with minor or no detectable pomegranate tannins, and 5 had no detectable tannins or ellagic acid. Therefore, standardization of pomegranate extract supplements based on their ellagic acid content does not guarantee pomegranate supplement authenticity. Future research is needed to assess the health impact of substituting ellagic acid for the complex mix of phytochemicals in a pomegranate extract dietary supplement. SN - 1520-5118 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/20349921/Absence_of_pomegranate_ellagitannins_in_the_majority_of_commercial_Pomegranate_extracts:_implications_for_standardization_and_quality_control_ L2 - https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9010017 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -