TY - JOUR T1 - Refractory ascites: pathogenesis, definition and therapy of a severe complication in patients with cirrhosis. AU - Salerno,Francesco, AU - Guevara,Monica, AU - Bernardi,Mauro, AU - Moreau,Richard, AU - Wong,Florence, AU - Angeli,Paolo, AU - Garcia-Tsao,Guadalupe, AU - Lee,Samuel S, Y1 - 2010/05/21/ PY - 2010/5/25/entrez PY - 2010/5/25/pubmed PY - 2010/11/3/medline SP - 937 EP - 47 JF - Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver JO - Liver Int VL - 30 IS - 7 N2 - Ascites is a frequent complication of cirrhosis and portal hypertension, because of the increase of the sinusoidal hydrostatic pressure. Cirrhosis accounts for over 75% of episodes of ascites. Cirrhotic patients with ascites have marked alterations in the splanchnic and systemic haemodynamics, causing central hypovolaemia and arterial hypotension with consequent activation of the vasoconstrictor systems, renin-angiotensin and sympathetic systems, and with increased renal sodium re-absorption. One of the most serious complications in cirrhotic patients with ascites is the occurrence of refractoriness, that is the inability to resolve ascites by the standard medical treatment with low sodium diet and diuretic doses up to 160 mg/day of furosemide and 400 mg/day of spironolactone. Many patients with refractory ascites also have a chronic renal insufficiency that is called hepatorenal syndrome type-2. In these patients ascites may be treated with periodic paracentesis or with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. However, only liver transplantation may improve the survival of such patients. SN - 1478-3231 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/20492521/Refractory_ascites:_pathogenesis_definition_and_therapy_of_a_severe_complication_in_patients_with_cirrhosis_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -