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Global distribution of ciguatera causing dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus.
Toxicon. 2010 Oct; 56(5):711-30.T

Abstract

Dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus produce toxins that bioaccumulate in tropical and sub-tropical fishes causing ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). Little is known about the diversity and distribution of Gambierdiscus species, the degree to which individual species vary in toxicity, and the role each plays in causing CFP. This paper presents the first global distribution of Gambierdiscus species. Phylogenetic analyses of the existing isolates indicate that five species are endemic to the Atlantic (including the Caribbean/West Indies and Gulf of Mexico), five are endemic to the tropical Pacific, and that two species, Gambierdiscus carpenteri and Gambierdiscus caribaeus are globally distributed. The differences in Gambierdiscus species composition in the Atlantic and Pacific correlated with structural differences in the ciguatoxins reported from Atlantic and Pacific fish. This correlation supports the hypothesis that Gambierdiscus species in each region produce different toxin suites. A literature survey indicated a >100-fold variation in toxicity among species compared with a 2 to 9-fold within species variation due to changing growth conditions. These observations suggest that CFP events are driven more by inherent differences in species toxicity than by environmental modulation. How variations in species toxicity may affect the development of an early warning system for CFP is discussed.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Litaker RW
NOS/NOAA, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. wayne.litaker@noaa.gov
Vandersea MW
No affiliation info available
Faust MA
No affiliation info available
Kibler SR
No affiliation info available
Nau AW
No affiliation info available
Holland WC
No affiliation info available
Chinain M
No affiliation info available
Holmes MJ
No affiliation info available
Tester PA
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Ciguatera PoisoningCiguatoxinsDinoflagellidaPhylogenySpecies Specificity

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

20561539

Citation

Litaker, R Wayne, et al. "Global Distribution of Ciguatera Causing Dinoflagellates in the Genus Gambierdiscus." Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society On Toxinology, vol. 56, no. 5, 2010, pp. 711-30.
Litaker RW, Vandersea MW, Faust MA, et al. Global distribution of ciguatera causing dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus. Toxicon. 2010;56(5):711-30.
Litaker, R. W., Vandersea, M. W., Faust, M. A., Kibler, S. R., Nau, A. W., Holland, W. C., Chinain, M., Holmes, M. J., & Tester, P. A. (2010). Global distribution of ciguatera causing dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus. Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society On Toxinology, 56(5), 711-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.05.017
Litaker RW, et al. Global Distribution of Ciguatera Causing Dinoflagellates in the Genus Gambierdiscus. Toxicon. 2010;56(5):711-30. PubMed PMID: 20561539.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Global distribution of ciguatera causing dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus. AU - Litaker,R Wayne, AU - Vandersea,Mark W, AU - Faust,Maria A, AU - Kibler,Steven R, AU - Nau,Amy W, AU - Holland,William C, AU - Chinain,Mireille, AU - Holmes,Michael J, AU - Tester,Patricia A, Y1 - 2010/06/16/ PY - 2009/07/14/received PY - 2010/05/21/revised PY - 2010/05/28/accepted PY - 2010/6/22/entrez PY - 2010/6/22/pubmed PY - 2010/12/25/medline SP - 711 EP - 30 JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology JO - Toxicon VL - 56 IS - 5 N2 - Dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus produce toxins that bioaccumulate in tropical and sub-tropical fishes causing ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). Little is known about the diversity and distribution of Gambierdiscus species, the degree to which individual species vary in toxicity, and the role each plays in causing CFP. This paper presents the first global distribution of Gambierdiscus species. Phylogenetic analyses of the existing isolates indicate that five species are endemic to the Atlantic (including the Caribbean/West Indies and Gulf of Mexico), five are endemic to the tropical Pacific, and that two species, Gambierdiscus carpenteri and Gambierdiscus caribaeus are globally distributed. The differences in Gambierdiscus species composition in the Atlantic and Pacific correlated with structural differences in the ciguatoxins reported from Atlantic and Pacific fish. This correlation supports the hypothesis that Gambierdiscus species in each region produce different toxin suites. A literature survey indicated a >100-fold variation in toxicity among species compared with a 2 to 9-fold within species variation due to changing growth conditions. These observations suggest that CFP events are driven more by inherent differences in species toxicity than by environmental modulation. How variations in species toxicity may affect the development of an early warning system for CFP is discussed. SN - 1879-3150 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/20561539/Global_distribution_of_ciguatera_causing_dinoflagellates_in_the_genus_Gambierdiscus_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0041-0101(10)00214-X DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -