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Influence of strength on magnitude and mechanisms of adaptation to power training.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Aug; 42(8):1566-81.MS

Abstract

PURPOSE

To determine whether the magnitude of performance improvements and the mechanisms driving adaptation to ballistic power training differ between strong and weak individuals.

METHODS

Twenty-four men were divided into three groups on the basis of their strength level: stronger (n = 8, one-repetition maximum-to-body mass ratio (1RM/BM) = 1.97 +/- 0.08), weaker (n = 8, 1RM/BM = 1.32 +/- 0.14), or control (n = 8, 1RM/BM = 1.37 +/- 0.13). The stronger and weaker groups trained three times per week for 10 wk. During these sessions, subjects performed maximal-effort jump squats with 0%-30% 1RM. The impact of training on athletic performance was assessed using a 2-d testing battery that involved evaluation of jump and sprint performance as well as measures of the force-velocity relationship, jumping mechanics, muscle architecture, and neural drive.

RESULTS

Both experimental groups showed significant (P < or = 0.05) improvements in jump (stronger: peak power = 10.0 +/- 5.2 W.kg, jump height = 0.07 +/- 0.04 m; weaker: peak power = 9.1 +/- 2.3 W.kg, jump height = 0.06 +/- 0.04 m) and sprint performance after training (stronger: 40-m time = -2.2% +/- 2.0%; weaker: 40-m time = -3.6% +/- 2.3%). Effect size analyses revealed a tendency toward practically relevant differences existing between stronger and weaker individuals in the magnitude of improvements in jump performance (effect size: stronger: peak power = 1.55, jump height = 1.46; weaker: peak power = 1.03, jump height = 0.95) and especially after 5 wk of training (effect size: stronger: peak power = 1.60, jump height = 1.59; weaker: peak power = 0.95, jump height = 0.61). The mechanisms driving these improvements included significant (P < or = 0.05) changes in the force-velocity relationship, jump mechanics, and neural activation, with no changes to muscle architecture observed.

CONCLUSIONS

The magnitude of improvements after ballistic power training was not significantly influenced by strength level. However, the training had a tendency toward eliciting a more pronounced effect on jump performance in the stronger group. The neuromuscular and biomechanical mechanisms driving performance improvements were very similar for both strong and weak individuals.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Cormie P
Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia. p.cormie@ecu.edu.au
McGuigan MR
No affiliation info available
Newton RU
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Adaptation, PhysiologicalAthletic PerformanceHumansMaleMuscle ContractionMuscle StrengthMuscle, SkeletalResistance TrainingRunningWeight Lifting

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

20639724

Citation

Cormie, Prue, et al. "Influence of Strength On Magnitude and Mechanisms of Adaptation to Power Training." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, vol. 42, no. 8, 2010, pp. 1566-81.
Cormie P, McGuigan MR, Newton RU. Influence of strength on magnitude and mechanisms of adaptation to power training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(8):1566-81.
Cormie, P., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, R. U. (2010). Influence of strength on magnitude and mechanisms of adaptation to power training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 42(8), 1566-81. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181cf818d
Cormie P, McGuigan MR, Newton RU. Influence of Strength On Magnitude and Mechanisms of Adaptation to Power Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(8):1566-81. PubMed PMID: 20639724.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of strength on magnitude and mechanisms of adaptation to power training. AU - Cormie,Prue, AU - McGuigan,Michael R, AU - Newton,Robert U, PY - 2010/7/20/entrez PY - 2010/7/20/pubmed PY - 2010/11/13/medline SP - 1566 EP - 81 JF - Medicine and science in sports and exercise JO - Med Sci Sports Exerc VL - 42 IS - 8 N2 - PURPOSE: To determine whether the magnitude of performance improvements and the mechanisms driving adaptation to ballistic power training differ between strong and weak individuals. METHODS: Twenty-four men were divided into three groups on the basis of their strength level: stronger (n = 8, one-repetition maximum-to-body mass ratio (1RM/BM) = 1.97 +/- 0.08), weaker (n = 8, 1RM/BM = 1.32 +/- 0.14), or control (n = 8, 1RM/BM = 1.37 +/- 0.13). The stronger and weaker groups trained three times per week for 10 wk. During these sessions, subjects performed maximal-effort jump squats with 0%-30% 1RM. The impact of training on athletic performance was assessed using a 2-d testing battery that involved evaluation of jump and sprint performance as well as measures of the force-velocity relationship, jumping mechanics, muscle architecture, and neural drive. RESULTS: Both experimental groups showed significant (P < or = 0.05) improvements in jump (stronger: peak power = 10.0 +/- 5.2 W.kg, jump height = 0.07 +/- 0.04 m; weaker: peak power = 9.1 +/- 2.3 W.kg, jump height = 0.06 +/- 0.04 m) and sprint performance after training (stronger: 40-m time = -2.2% +/- 2.0%; weaker: 40-m time = -3.6% +/- 2.3%). Effect size analyses revealed a tendency toward practically relevant differences existing between stronger and weaker individuals in the magnitude of improvements in jump performance (effect size: stronger: peak power = 1.55, jump height = 1.46; weaker: peak power = 1.03, jump height = 0.95) and especially after 5 wk of training (effect size: stronger: peak power = 1.60, jump height = 1.59; weaker: peak power = 0.95, jump height = 0.61). The mechanisms driving these improvements included significant (P < or = 0.05) changes in the force-velocity relationship, jump mechanics, and neural activation, with no changes to muscle architecture observed. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of improvements after ballistic power training was not significantly influenced by strength level. However, the training had a tendency toward eliciting a more pronounced effect on jump performance in the stronger group. The neuromuscular and biomechanical mechanisms driving performance improvements were very similar for both strong and weak individuals. SN - 1530-0315 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/20639724/Influence_of_strength_on_magnitude_and_mechanisms_of_adaptation_to_power_training_ L2 - https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181cf818d DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -