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Free copper distinguishes mild cognitive impairment subjects from healthy elderly individuals.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2011; 23(2):239-48.JA

Abstract

In patients affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD), serum copper not bound to ceruloplasmin ('free' copper) appears elevated, slightly but significantly enough to distinguish AD patients from healthy elderly subjects. In this paper we tested the hypothesis that this is also the case for individuals affected by mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A sample of 83 MCI subjects were compared with 100 elderly control subjects in terms of levels of serum copper, free copper, ceruloplasmin, apolipoprotein E4 genotype (APOE4), iron, transferrin, and total antioxidant capacity (TRAP). The groups were also compared in terms of demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. The comparison with an additional group of 105 mild to moderate AD patients was also evaluated. The possible effects of copper dysfunction on cognitive decline were evaluated by multinomial logistic regression analysis. A linear regression model was applied to define the role of metals and antioxidant dysfunction in explaining Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) variations. APOE4 and free copper differentiated the MCI group from the healthy control group. The probability of acquiring MCI increased by about 24% for each free copper unit (μmol/L) increment. APOE4 and free copper differentiated the MCI group also from the AD group. APOE4 and free copper appeared associated to MMSE worsening, as did age and gender. These results suggest that free copper can help in discriminating MCI subjects from healthy controls, but not on an individual basis.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Squitti R
Department of Neuroscience, AFaR - Osp. Fatebenefratelli, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy. rosanna.squitti@afar.it
Ghidoni R
No affiliation info available
Scrascia F
No affiliation info available
Benussi L
No affiliation info available
Panetta V
No affiliation info available
Pasqualetti P
No affiliation info available
Moffa F
No affiliation info available
Bernardini S
No affiliation info available
Ventriglia M
No affiliation info available
Binetti G
No affiliation info available
Rossini PM
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AgedAged, 80 and overAllelesApolipoprotein E4CeruloplasminCognition DisordersCopperFemaleHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedROC CurveRisk FactorsTransferrin

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

20930297

Citation

Squitti, Rosanna, et al. "Free Copper Distinguishes Mild Cognitive Impairment Subjects From Healthy Elderly Individuals." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD, vol. 23, no. 2, 2011, pp. 239-48.
Squitti R, Ghidoni R, Scrascia F, et al. Free copper distinguishes mild cognitive impairment subjects from healthy elderly individuals. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;23(2):239-48.
Squitti, R., Ghidoni, R., Scrascia, F., Benussi, L., Panetta, V., Pasqualetti, P., Moffa, F., Bernardini, S., Ventriglia, M., Binetti, G., & Rossini, P. M. (2011). Free copper distinguishes mild cognitive impairment subjects from healthy elderly individuals. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD, 23(2), 239-48. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2010-101098
Squitti R, et al. Free Copper Distinguishes Mild Cognitive Impairment Subjects From Healthy Elderly Individuals. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;23(2):239-48. PubMed PMID: 20930297.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Free copper distinguishes mild cognitive impairment subjects from healthy elderly individuals. AU - Squitti,Rosanna, AU - Ghidoni,Roberta, AU - Scrascia,Federica, AU - Benussi,Luisa, AU - Panetta,Valentina, AU - Pasqualetti,Patrizio, AU - Moffa,Filomena, AU - Bernardini,Silvia, AU - Ventriglia,Mariacarla, AU - Binetti,Giuliano, AU - Rossini,Paolo Maria, PY - 2010/10/9/entrez PY - 2010/10/12/pubmed PY - 2011/5/13/medline SP - 239 EP - 48 JF - Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD JO - J Alzheimers Dis VL - 23 IS - 2 N2 - In patients affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD), serum copper not bound to ceruloplasmin ('free' copper) appears elevated, slightly but significantly enough to distinguish AD patients from healthy elderly subjects. In this paper we tested the hypothesis that this is also the case for individuals affected by mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A sample of 83 MCI subjects were compared with 100 elderly control subjects in terms of levels of serum copper, free copper, ceruloplasmin, apolipoprotein E4 genotype (APOE4), iron, transferrin, and total antioxidant capacity (TRAP). The groups were also compared in terms of demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. The comparison with an additional group of 105 mild to moderate AD patients was also evaluated. The possible effects of copper dysfunction on cognitive decline were evaluated by multinomial logistic regression analysis. A linear regression model was applied to define the role of metals and antioxidant dysfunction in explaining Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) variations. APOE4 and free copper differentiated the MCI group from the healthy control group. The probability of acquiring MCI increased by about 24% for each free copper unit (μmol/L) increment. APOE4 and free copper differentiated the MCI group also from the AD group. APOE4 and free copper appeared associated to MMSE worsening, as did age and gender. These results suggest that free copper can help in discriminating MCI subjects from healthy controls, but not on an individual basis. SN - 1875-8908 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/20930297/Free_copper_distinguishes_mild_cognitive_impairment_subjects_from_healthy_elderly_individuals_ L2 - https://content.iospress.com/openurl?genre=article&id=doi:10.3233/JAD-2010-101098 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -