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Metal emissions and urban incident Parkinson disease: a community health study of Medicare beneficiaries by using geographic information systems.
Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Dec 15; 172(12):1357-63.AJ

Abstract

Parkinson disease associated with farming and exposure to agricultural chemicals has been reported in numerous studies; little is known about Parkinson disease risk factors for those living in urban areas. The authors investigated the relation between copper, lead, or manganese emissions and Parkinson disease incidence in the urban United States, studying 29 million Medicare beneficiaries in the year 2003. Parkinson disease incidence was determined by using beneficiaries who had not changed residence since 1995. Over 35,000 nonmobile incident Parkinson disease cases, diagnosed by a neurologist, were identified for analysis. Age-, race-, and sex-standardized Parkinson disease incidence was compared between counties with high cumulative industrial release of copper, manganese, or lead (as reported to the Environmental Protection Agency) and counties with no/low reported release of all 3 metals. Parkinson disease incidence (per 100,000) in counties with no/low copper/lead/manganese release was 274.0 (95% confidence interval (CI): 226.8, 353.5). Incidence was greater in counties with high manganese release: 489.4 (95% CI: 368.3, 689.5) (relative risk = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.54, 2.07) and counties with high copper release: 304.2 (95% CI: 276.0, 336.8) (relative risk = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.31). Urban Parkinson disease incidence is greater in counties with high reported industrial release of copper or manganese. Environmental exposure to metals may be a risk factor for Parkinson disease in urban areas.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Willis AW
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. racetteb@neuro.wustl.edu
Evanoff BA
No affiliation info available
Lian M
No affiliation info available
Galarza A
No affiliation info available
Wegrzyn A
No affiliation info available
Schootman M
No affiliation info available
Racette BA
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AgedAged, 80 and overEnvironmental ExposureFemaleGeographic Information SystemsHumansIncidenceMaleMedicareMetals, HeavyParkinson DiseaseRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsUnited StatesUrban Health

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

20959505

Citation

Willis, Allison W., et al. "Metal Emissions and Urban Incident Parkinson Disease: a Community Health Study of Medicare Beneficiaries By Using Geographic Information Systems." American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 172, no. 12, 2010, pp. 1357-63.
Willis AW, Evanoff BA, Lian M, et al. Metal emissions and urban incident Parkinson disease: a community health study of Medicare beneficiaries by using geographic information systems. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172(12):1357-63.
Willis, A. W., Evanoff, B. A., Lian, M., Galarza, A., Wegrzyn, A., Schootman, M., & Racette, B. A. (2010). Metal emissions and urban incident Parkinson disease: a community health study of Medicare beneficiaries by using geographic information systems. American Journal of Epidemiology, 172(12), 1357-63. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwq303
Willis AW, et al. Metal Emissions and Urban Incident Parkinson Disease: a Community Health Study of Medicare Beneficiaries By Using Geographic Information Systems. Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Dec 15;172(12):1357-63. PubMed PMID: 20959505.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Metal emissions and urban incident Parkinson disease: a community health study of Medicare beneficiaries by using geographic information systems. AU - Willis,Allison W, AU - Evanoff,Bradley A, AU - Lian,Min, AU - Galarza,Aiden, AU - Wegrzyn,Andrew, AU - Schootman,Mario, AU - Racette,Brad A, Y1 - 2010/10/19/ PY - 2010/10/21/entrez PY - 2010/10/21/pubmed PY - 2011/1/11/medline SP - 1357 EP - 63 JF - American journal of epidemiology JO - Am J Epidemiol VL - 172 IS - 12 N2 - Parkinson disease associated with farming and exposure to agricultural chemicals has been reported in numerous studies; little is known about Parkinson disease risk factors for those living in urban areas. The authors investigated the relation between copper, lead, or manganese emissions and Parkinson disease incidence in the urban United States, studying 29 million Medicare beneficiaries in the year 2003. Parkinson disease incidence was determined by using beneficiaries who had not changed residence since 1995. Over 35,000 nonmobile incident Parkinson disease cases, diagnosed by a neurologist, were identified for analysis. Age-, race-, and sex-standardized Parkinson disease incidence was compared between counties with high cumulative industrial release of copper, manganese, or lead (as reported to the Environmental Protection Agency) and counties with no/low reported release of all 3 metals. Parkinson disease incidence (per 100,000) in counties with no/low copper/lead/manganese release was 274.0 (95% confidence interval (CI): 226.8, 353.5). Incidence was greater in counties with high manganese release: 489.4 (95% CI: 368.3, 689.5) (relative risk = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.54, 2.07) and counties with high copper release: 304.2 (95% CI: 276.0, 336.8) (relative risk = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.31). Urban Parkinson disease incidence is greater in counties with high reported industrial release of copper or manganese. Environmental exposure to metals may be a risk factor for Parkinson disease in urban areas. SN - 1476-6256 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/20959505/full_citation L2 - https://academic.oup.com/aje/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aje/kwq303 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -