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Titanium oxide shell coatings decrease the cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles.
Chem Res Toxicol. 2011 Mar 21; 24(3):303-13.CR

Abstract

Although nanozinc oxide (nano-ZnO) is applied widely in photocatalysts and gas sensors and in biological fields, it can cause serious oxidative stress and DNA damage to mammalian cells. Our aim in this study was to reduce the cytotoxicity of nano-ZnO by coating it with a TiO(2) layer. We used a sol-gel method to synthesize core (nano-ZnO)/shell (TiO(2)) nanoparticles (NPs) with various degrees of coating. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that TiO(2) was coated on the nano-ZnO. Moreover, a decrease in the intensity of the pre-edge signal in Ti K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra revealed that the core/shell NPs had more Ti-O coordination than pure TiO(2) particles; in addition, the Zn K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra revealed that after the ZnO NPs had been coated with TiO(2), the coordination number of the ZnO shell increased to 3.3 but that of the ZnZn shell decreased to 6.2, providing further evidence for the ZnO/TiO(2) core/shell structure. To ensure that the core/shell structures did indeed decrease the toxicity of nano-ZnO, we tested the effects of equal amounts of physical mixtures of ZnO and TiO(2) NPs for comparison, employing methyl tetrazolium (MTT), interleukin-8 (IL-8), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) to assess the particle-induced cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, membrane damage, and intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). From X-ray diffraction patterns, we identified the TiO(2) shell as having an amorphous phase, which, unfortunately, exhibited slight cytotoxicity toward the human lung epithelial cell line (A549). Nevertheless, our core/shell nanostructures exhibited less oxidative stress toward A549 cells than did their corresponding ZnO/TiO(2) physical mixtures. In addition, a greater coating of TiO(2) decreased the toxicity of the ZnO NPs. It appears that the ZnO/TiO(2) core/shell structure moderated the toxicity of nano-ZnO by curtailing the release of zinc ions and decreasing the contact area of the ZnO cores.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Hsiao IL
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Huang YJ
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Cell Line, TumorGelsHumansInterleukin-8Lactate DehydrogenasesMetal NanoparticlesOxidative StressParticle SizeReactive Oxygen SpeciesTitaniumX-Ray DiffractionZinc Oxide

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

21341804

Citation

Hsiao, I-Lun, and Yuh-Jeen Huang. "Titanium Oxide Shell Coatings Decrease the Cytotoxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles." Chemical Research in Toxicology, vol. 24, no. 3, 2011, pp. 303-13.
Hsiao IL, Huang YJ. Titanium oxide shell coatings decrease the cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. Chem Res Toxicol. 2011;24(3):303-13.
Hsiao, I. L., & Huang, Y. J. (2011). Titanium oxide shell coatings decrease the cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 24(3), 303-13. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx1001892
Hsiao IL, Huang YJ. Titanium Oxide Shell Coatings Decrease the Cytotoxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles. Chem Res Toxicol. 2011 Mar 21;24(3):303-13. PubMed PMID: 21341804.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Titanium oxide shell coatings decrease the cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. AU - Hsiao,I-Lun, AU - Huang,Yuh-Jeen, Y1 - 2011/02/22/ PY - 2011/2/24/entrez PY - 2011/2/24/pubmed PY - 2011/7/12/medline SP - 303 EP - 13 JF - Chemical research in toxicology JO - Chem Res Toxicol VL - 24 IS - 3 N2 - Although nanozinc oxide (nano-ZnO) is applied widely in photocatalysts and gas sensors and in biological fields, it can cause serious oxidative stress and DNA damage to mammalian cells. Our aim in this study was to reduce the cytotoxicity of nano-ZnO by coating it with a TiO(2) layer. We used a sol-gel method to synthesize core (nano-ZnO)/shell (TiO(2)) nanoparticles (NPs) with various degrees of coating. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that TiO(2) was coated on the nano-ZnO. Moreover, a decrease in the intensity of the pre-edge signal in Ti K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra revealed that the core/shell NPs had more Ti-O coordination than pure TiO(2) particles; in addition, the Zn K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra revealed that after the ZnO NPs had been coated with TiO(2), the coordination number of the ZnO shell increased to 3.3 but that of the ZnZn shell decreased to 6.2, providing further evidence for the ZnO/TiO(2) core/shell structure. To ensure that the core/shell structures did indeed decrease the toxicity of nano-ZnO, we tested the effects of equal amounts of physical mixtures of ZnO and TiO(2) NPs for comparison, employing methyl tetrazolium (MTT), interleukin-8 (IL-8), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) to assess the particle-induced cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, membrane damage, and intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). From X-ray diffraction patterns, we identified the TiO(2) shell as having an amorphous phase, which, unfortunately, exhibited slight cytotoxicity toward the human lung epithelial cell line (A549). Nevertheless, our core/shell nanostructures exhibited less oxidative stress toward A549 cells than did their corresponding ZnO/TiO(2) physical mixtures. In addition, a greater coating of TiO(2) decreased the toxicity of the ZnO NPs. It appears that the ZnO/TiO(2) core/shell structure moderated the toxicity of nano-ZnO by curtailing the release of zinc ions and decreasing the contact area of the ZnO cores. SN - 1520-5010 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/21341804/Titanium_oxide_shell_coatings_decrease_the_cytotoxicity_of_ZnO_nanoparticles_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -