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Facet joint and disc kinematics during simulated rear crashes with active injury prevention systems.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Aug 15; 36(18):E1215-24.S

Abstract

STUDY DESIGN

Experimental and computational biomechanical analyses of simulated rear crashes.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives were to determine cervical facet joint and disc kinematics and ligament strains during simulated rear crashes with the Whiplash Protection System (WHIPS) and active head restraint (AHR) and to compare these data with those obtained with no head restraint (NHR).

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA

Previous biomechanical studies document abnormal cervical facet kinematics and potentially injurious ligament strains during simulated rear crashes with no injury prevention system.

METHODS

A human model of the neck, consisting of a neck specimen mounted to the torso of BioRID II and carrying a surrogate head and stabilized with muscle force replication, was subjected to simulated rear crashes in a WHIPS seat (n = 6, 12.0 g, ΔV 11.4 km/h) or AHR seat and subsequently with NHR (n = 6: 11.0 g, ΔV 10.2 km/h with AHR; 11.5 g, ΔV 10.7 km/h with NHR). Lower cervical spine facet and disc motions and ligament strains during the crashes were computed and average peak values statistically compared (P < 0.05) between WHIPS, AHR, and NHR.

RESULTS

Average peak facet and disc translations and ligament strains could not be statistically differentiated between WHIPS and AHR or between AHR and NHR. WHIPS significantly reduced peak capsular ligament strain and peak disc separation at C6/C7 as compared with NHR. Facet compression at C6/C7 reached 2.9 mm with WHIPS, 1.9 mm with AHR, and 3.2 mm with NHR.

CONCLUSION

WHIPS and AHR generally reduced peak disc separation and anterior longitudinal ligament strain as compared with NHR. WHIPS and AHR limited capsular strain below the subfailure threshold but did not protect against potential facet joint compression injuries, which may occur during or after contact of the head with the head restraint.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Ivancic PC
Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. paul.ivancic@yale.edu

MeSH

Accidents, TrafficAgedAged, 80 and overBiomechanical PhenomenaCadaverCervical VertebraeComputer SimulationFemaleHumansIntervertebral DiscMaleModels, BiologicalWhiplash InjuriesZygapophyseal Joint

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

21343848

Citation

Ivancic, Paul C.. "Facet Joint and Disc Kinematics During Simulated Rear Crashes With Active Injury Prevention Systems." Spine, vol. 36, no. 18, 2011, pp. E1215-24.
Ivancic PC. Facet joint and disc kinematics during simulated rear crashes with active injury prevention systems. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;36(18):E1215-24.
Ivancic, P. C. (2011). Facet joint and disc kinematics during simulated rear crashes with active injury prevention systems. Spine, 36(18), E1215-24. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31820545b1
Ivancic PC. Facet Joint and Disc Kinematics During Simulated Rear Crashes With Active Injury Prevention Systems. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Aug 15;36(18):E1215-24. PubMed PMID: 21343848.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Facet joint and disc kinematics during simulated rear crashes with active injury prevention systems. A1 - Ivancic,Paul C, PY - 2011/2/24/entrez PY - 2011/2/24/pubmed PY - 2012/1/26/medline SP - E1215 EP - 24 JF - Spine JO - Spine (Phila Pa 1976) VL - 36 IS - 18 N2 - STUDY DESIGN: Experimental and computational biomechanical analyses of simulated rear crashes. OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to determine cervical facet joint and disc kinematics and ligament strains during simulated rear crashes with the Whiplash Protection System (WHIPS) and active head restraint (AHR) and to compare these data with those obtained with no head restraint (NHR). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous biomechanical studies document abnormal cervical facet kinematics and potentially injurious ligament strains during simulated rear crashes with no injury prevention system. METHODS: A human model of the neck, consisting of a neck specimen mounted to the torso of BioRID II and carrying a surrogate head and stabilized with muscle force replication, was subjected to simulated rear crashes in a WHIPS seat (n = 6, 12.0 g, ΔV 11.4 km/h) or AHR seat and subsequently with NHR (n = 6: 11.0 g, ΔV 10.2 km/h with AHR; 11.5 g, ΔV 10.7 km/h with NHR). Lower cervical spine facet and disc motions and ligament strains during the crashes were computed and average peak values statistically compared (P < 0.05) between WHIPS, AHR, and NHR. RESULTS: Average peak facet and disc translations and ligament strains could not be statistically differentiated between WHIPS and AHR or between AHR and NHR. WHIPS significantly reduced peak capsular ligament strain and peak disc separation at C6/C7 as compared with NHR. Facet compression at C6/C7 reached 2.9 mm with WHIPS, 1.9 mm with AHR, and 3.2 mm with NHR. CONCLUSION: WHIPS and AHR generally reduced peak disc separation and anterior longitudinal ligament strain as compared with NHR. WHIPS and AHR limited capsular strain below the subfailure threshold but did not protect against potential facet joint compression injuries, which may occur during or after contact of the head with the head restraint. SN - 1528-1159 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/21343848/Facet_joint_and_disc_kinematics_during_simulated_rear_crashes_with_active_injury_prevention_systems_ L2 - https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31820545b1 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -