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Understanding the biogeography of a group of earthworms in the Mediterranean basin--the phylogenetic puzzle of Hormogastridae (Clitellata: Oligochaeta).
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2011 Oct; 61(1):125-35.MP

Abstract

Traditional earthworm taxonomy is hindered due to their anatomical simplicity and the plasticity of the characteristics often used for diagnosing species. Making phylogenetic inferences based on these characters is more than difficult. In this study we use molecular tools to unravel the phylogeny of the clitellate family Hormogastridae. The family includes species of large to mid-sized earthworms distributed almost exclusively in the western Mediterranean region where they play an important ecological role. We analyzed individuals from 46 locations spanning the Iberian Peninsula to Corsica and Sardinia, representing the four described genera in the family and 20 species. Molecular markers include mitochondrial regions of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI), 16S rRNA and tRNAs for Leu, Ala, and Ser, two nuclear ribosomal genes (nearly complete 18S rRNA and a fragment of 28S rRNA) and two nuclear protein-encoding genes (histones H3 and H4). Analyses of the data using different approaches corroborates monophyly of Hormogastridae, but the genus Hormogaster is paraphyletic and Hormogaster pretiosa appears polyphyletic, stressing the need for taxonomic revisionary work in the family. The genus Vignysa could represent an early offshoot in the family, although the relationships with other genera are uncertain. The genus Hemigastrodrilus is related to the Hormogaster elisae complex and both are found in the Atlantic drainage of the Iberian Peninsula and France. From a biogeographic perspective Corsica and Sardinia include members of two separate hormogastrid lineages. The species located in Corsica and Northern Sardinia are related to Vignysa, whereas Hormogaster pretiosa pretiosa, from Southern Sardinia, is closely related to the Hormogaster species from the NE Iberian Peninsula. A molecular dating of the tree using the separation of the Sardinian microplate as a calibration point (at 33 MY) and assuming a model of vicariance indicates that the diversification of Hormogastridae may be ancient, ranging from 97 to 67 Ma.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Novo M
Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. C/José Antonio Nováis, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain. mnovo@bio.ucm.es
Almodóvar A
No affiliation info available
Fernández R
No affiliation info available
Giribet G
No affiliation info available
Díaz Cosín DJ
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AnimalsBase SequenceBiological EvolutionBiomarkersDNA, MitochondrialElectron Transport Complex IVEvolution, MolecularGenetic SpeciationGenetic VariationGeographyHistonesMediterranean SeaMitochondriaMolecular Sequence DataOligochaetaPhylogenyRNA, Ribosomal, 16SRNA, Ribosomal, 18SRNA, Ribosomal, 28SRNA, Transfer, AlaRNA, Transfer, LeuRNA, Transfer, SerSequence AlignmentSequence Analysis, DNA

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

21684341

Citation

Novo, Marta, et al. "Understanding the Biogeography of a Group of Earthworms in the Mediterranean Basin--the Phylogenetic Puzzle of Hormogastridae (Clitellata: Oligochaeta)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 61, no. 1, 2011, pp. 125-35.
Novo M, Almodóvar A, Fernández R, et al. Understanding the biogeography of a group of earthworms in the Mediterranean basin--the phylogenetic puzzle of Hormogastridae (Clitellata: Oligochaeta). Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2011;61(1):125-35.
Novo, M., Almodóvar, A., Fernández, R., Giribet, G., & Díaz Cosín, D. J. (2011). Understanding the biogeography of a group of earthworms in the Mediterranean basin--the phylogenetic puzzle of Hormogastridae (Clitellata: Oligochaeta). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61(1), 125-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.05.018
Novo M, et al. Understanding the Biogeography of a Group of Earthworms in the Mediterranean Basin--the Phylogenetic Puzzle of Hormogastridae (Clitellata: Oligochaeta). Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2011;61(1):125-35. PubMed PMID: 21684341.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding the biogeography of a group of earthworms in the Mediterranean basin--the phylogenetic puzzle of Hormogastridae (Clitellata: Oligochaeta). AU - Novo,Marta, AU - Almodóvar,Ana, AU - Fernández,Rosa, AU - Giribet,Gonzalo, AU - Díaz Cosín,Darío J, Y1 - 2011/06/13/ PY - 2010/12/14/received PY - 2011/04/04/revised PY - 2011/05/29/accepted PY - 2011/6/21/entrez PY - 2011/6/21/pubmed PY - 2012/2/1/medline SP - 125 EP - 35 JF - Molecular phylogenetics and evolution JO - Mol Phylogenet Evol VL - 61 IS - 1 N2 - Traditional earthworm taxonomy is hindered due to their anatomical simplicity and the plasticity of the characteristics often used for diagnosing species. Making phylogenetic inferences based on these characters is more than difficult. In this study we use molecular tools to unravel the phylogeny of the clitellate family Hormogastridae. The family includes species of large to mid-sized earthworms distributed almost exclusively in the western Mediterranean region where they play an important ecological role. We analyzed individuals from 46 locations spanning the Iberian Peninsula to Corsica and Sardinia, representing the four described genera in the family and 20 species. Molecular markers include mitochondrial regions of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI), 16S rRNA and tRNAs for Leu, Ala, and Ser, two nuclear ribosomal genes (nearly complete 18S rRNA and a fragment of 28S rRNA) and two nuclear protein-encoding genes (histones H3 and H4). Analyses of the data using different approaches corroborates monophyly of Hormogastridae, but the genus Hormogaster is paraphyletic and Hormogaster pretiosa appears polyphyletic, stressing the need for taxonomic revisionary work in the family. The genus Vignysa could represent an early offshoot in the family, although the relationships with other genera are uncertain. The genus Hemigastrodrilus is related to the Hormogaster elisae complex and both are found in the Atlantic drainage of the Iberian Peninsula and France. From a biogeographic perspective Corsica and Sardinia include members of two separate hormogastrid lineages. The species located in Corsica and Northern Sardinia are related to Vignysa, whereas Hormogaster pretiosa pretiosa, from Southern Sardinia, is closely related to the Hormogaster species from the NE Iberian Peninsula. A molecular dating of the tree using the separation of the Sardinian microplate as a calibration point (at 33 MY) and assuming a model of vicariance indicates that the diversification of Hormogastridae may be ancient, ranging from 97 to 67 Ma. SN - 1095-9513 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/21684341/Understanding_the_biogeography_of_a_group_of_earthworms_in_the_Mediterranean_basin__the_phylogenetic_puzzle_of_Hormogastridae__Clitellata:_Oligochaeta__ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055-7903(11)00260-0 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -