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Investigating the effect of solubility and density gradients on local hydrodynamics and drug dissolution in the USP 4 dissolution apparatus.
Int J Pharm. 2011 Oct 31; 419(1-2):175-85.IJ

Abstract

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of solubility and related solution density gradients, on hydrodynamics and dissolution rate in a low velocity pulsing flow, in the USP 4 flow-through dissolution apparatus. The paddle apparatus, flow-through apparatus and a free convection system were used in dissolution testing, using benzoic acid (BA) and lactose monohydrate (LM), representing slightly and freely soluble model compounds, respectively. A flow rate of 8 ml min(-1) (22.6 mm diameter cell) was used in the flow-through apparatus. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to analyze the effect of the dissolved compounds on local hydrodynamics. A higher dissolution rate of both BA and LM was obtained in the free convection system compared to the flow-through apparatus, with highest dissolution rate from both compounds in the paddle apparatus. The effect of downward flow arising from natural convection had a significant effect for the more soluble compound, LM, on local fluid velocities, whereas flow reversal induced by the forced convection environment was a significant feature impacting on the hydrodynamics in the BA species transfer simulation. The effect of solution density on local hydrodynamics needs to be considered when selecting dissolution conditions in the USP 4 dissolution apparatus.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

D'Arcy DM
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. darcydm@tcd.ie
Liu B
No affiliation info available
Corrigan OI
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Benzoic AcidChemistry, PharmaceuticalComputer SimulationHydrodynamicsLactoseSolubility

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

21843609

Citation

D'Arcy, Deirdre M., et al. "Investigating the Effect of Solubility and Density Gradients On Local Hydrodynamics and Drug Dissolution in the USP 4 Dissolution Apparatus." International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol. 419, no. 1-2, 2011, pp. 175-85.
D'Arcy DM, Liu B, Corrigan OI. Investigating the effect of solubility and density gradients on local hydrodynamics and drug dissolution in the USP 4 dissolution apparatus. Int J Pharm. 2011;419(1-2):175-85.
D'Arcy, D. M., Liu, B., & Corrigan, O. I. (2011). Investigating the effect of solubility and density gradients on local hydrodynamics and drug dissolution in the USP 4 dissolution apparatus. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 419(1-2), 175-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.07.048
D'Arcy DM, Liu B, Corrigan OI. Investigating the Effect of Solubility and Density Gradients On Local Hydrodynamics and Drug Dissolution in the USP 4 Dissolution Apparatus. Int J Pharm. 2011 Oct 31;419(1-2):175-85. PubMed PMID: 21843609.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Investigating the effect of solubility and density gradients on local hydrodynamics and drug dissolution in the USP 4 dissolution apparatus. AU - D'Arcy,Deirdre M, AU - Liu,Bo, AU - Corrigan,Owen I, Y1 - 2011/08/06/ PY - 2011/04/21/received PY - 2011/07/26/revised PY - 2011/07/30/accepted PY - 2011/8/17/entrez PY - 2011/8/17/pubmed PY - 2012/2/4/medline SP - 175 EP - 85 JF - International journal of pharmaceutics JO - Int J Pharm VL - 419 IS - 1-2 N2 - The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of solubility and related solution density gradients, on hydrodynamics and dissolution rate in a low velocity pulsing flow, in the USP 4 flow-through dissolution apparatus. The paddle apparatus, flow-through apparatus and a free convection system were used in dissolution testing, using benzoic acid (BA) and lactose monohydrate (LM), representing slightly and freely soluble model compounds, respectively. A flow rate of 8 ml min(-1) (22.6 mm diameter cell) was used in the flow-through apparatus. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to analyze the effect of the dissolved compounds on local hydrodynamics. A higher dissolution rate of both BA and LM was obtained in the free convection system compared to the flow-through apparatus, with highest dissolution rate from both compounds in the paddle apparatus. The effect of downward flow arising from natural convection had a significant effect for the more soluble compound, LM, on local fluid velocities, whereas flow reversal induced by the forced convection environment was a significant feature impacting on the hydrodynamics in the BA species transfer simulation. The effect of solution density on local hydrodynamics needs to be considered when selecting dissolution conditions in the USP 4 dissolution apparatus. SN - 1873-3476 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/21843609/Investigating_the_effect_of_solubility_and_density_gradients_on_local_hydrodynamics_and_drug_dissolution_in_the_USP_4_dissolution_apparatus_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378-5173(11)00765-4 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -