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Dissolved organic carbon reduces the toxicity of aluminum to three tropical freshwater organisms.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2012 Feb; 31(2):427-36.ET

Abstract

The influence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the toxicity of aluminum (Al) at pH 5 (relevant to acid mine drainage conditions), to the tropical green hydra (Hydra viridissima), green alga (Chlorella sp.), and cladoceran (Moinodaphnia macleayi) was assessed. Two DOC sources, a natural in situ DOC in soft billabong water (SBW) and Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) standard, were compared. The order of sensitivity of the test organisms to dissolved Al (0.1 µm fraction) was Hydra viridissima > Moinodaphnia macleayi > Chlorella sp. with DOC reducing dissolved Al toxicity most for Hydra viridissima. However, colloidal or precipitated Al may contribute indirectly to the toxicity for M. macleayi and Chlorella sp. The toxicity of dissolved Al was up to six times lower in test waters containing 10 mg L(-1) DOC (in the form of SRFA), relative to toxicity observed at 1 mg L(-1) DOC. In contrast, the toxicity of Al was up to two times lower in SBW containing 10 mg L(-1) DOC, relative to water containing 1 mg L(-1) DOC. The increased ability of SRFA in reducing Al toxicity was linked to its greater affinity for complexing Al compared with the in situ DOC. This has important implications for studies that use commercial standards of humic substances to predict Al toxicity in local environments. Speciation modeling demonstrated that Al(3+) and AlOH(2+) provided a strong relationship with toxicity. An empirical relationship is provided for each organism that can be used to predict Al toxicity at a given Al and DOC concentration.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Trenfield MA
Ecotoxicology Program, Environmental Research Institute of Supervising Scientist, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. melanie.trenfield@environment.gov.au
Markich SJ
No affiliation info available
Ng JC
No affiliation info available
Noller B
No affiliation info available
van Dam RA
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AluminumAnimalsAquatic OrganismsBenzopyransCarbonChlorophytaCladoceraFresh WaterHumic SubstancesHydraHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationRisk AssessmentRiversTropical ClimateWaterWater Pollutants, Chemical

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

22105345

Citation

Trenfield, Melanie A., et al. "Dissolved Organic Carbon Reduces the Toxicity of Aluminum to Three Tropical Freshwater Organisms." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol. 31, no. 2, 2012, pp. 427-36.
Trenfield MA, Markich SJ, Ng JC, et al. Dissolved organic carbon reduces the toxicity of aluminum to three tropical freshwater organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2012;31(2):427-36.
Trenfield, M. A., Markich, S. J., Ng, J. C., Noller, B., & van Dam, R. A. (2012). Dissolved organic carbon reduces the toxicity of aluminum to three tropical freshwater organisms. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(2), 427-36. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1704
Trenfield MA, et al. Dissolved Organic Carbon Reduces the Toxicity of Aluminum to Three Tropical Freshwater Organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2012;31(2):427-36. PubMed PMID: 22105345.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Dissolved organic carbon reduces the toxicity of aluminum to three tropical freshwater organisms. AU - Trenfield,Melanie A, AU - Markich,Scott J, AU - Ng,Jack C, AU - Noller,Barry, AU - van Dam,Rick A, PY - 2011/11/23/entrez PY - 2011/11/23/pubmed PY - 2012/4/20/medline SP - 427 EP - 36 JF - Environmental toxicology and chemistry JO - Environ Toxicol Chem VL - 31 IS - 2 N2 - The influence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the toxicity of aluminum (Al) at pH 5 (relevant to acid mine drainage conditions), to the tropical green hydra (Hydra viridissima), green alga (Chlorella sp.), and cladoceran (Moinodaphnia macleayi) was assessed. Two DOC sources, a natural in situ DOC in soft billabong water (SBW) and Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) standard, were compared. The order of sensitivity of the test organisms to dissolved Al (0.1 µm fraction) was Hydra viridissima > Moinodaphnia macleayi > Chlorella sp. with DOC reducing dissolved Al toxicity most for Hydra viridissima. However, colloidal or precipitated Al may contribute indirectly to the toxicity for M. macleayi and Chlorella sp. The toxicity of dissolved Al was up to six times lower in test waters containing 10 mg L(-1) DOC (in the form of SRFA), relative to toxicity observed at 1 mg L(-1) DOC. In contrast, the toxicity of Al was up to two times lower in SBW containing 10 mg L(-1) DOC, relative to water containing 1 mg L(-1) DOC. The increased ability of SRFA in reducing Al toxicity was linked to its greater affinity for complexing Al compared with the in situ DOC. This has important implications for studies that use commercial standards of humic substances to predict Al toxicity in local environments. Speciation modeling demonstrated that Al(3+) and AlOH(2+) provided a strong relationship with toxicity. An empirical relationship is provided for each organism that can be used to predict Al toxicity at a given Al and DOC concentration. SN - 1552-8618 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/22105345/Dissolved_organic_carbon_reduces_the_toxicity_of_aluminum_to_three_tropical_freshwater_organisms_ L2 - https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1704 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -