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Cerebrospinal fluid levels of β-amyloid 1-42, but not of tau, are fully changed already 5 to 10 years before the onset of Alzheimer dementia.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012 Jan; 69(1):98-106.AG

Abstract

CONTEXT

Early detection of prodromal Alzheimer disease (AD) is important because new disease-modifying therapies are most likely to be effective when initiated during the early stages of disease.

OBJECTIVES

To assess the ability of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), and β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42) to predict future development of AD dementia within 9.2 years in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to compare CSF biomarkers between early and late converters to AD.

DESIGN

A clinical study with a median follow-up of 9.2 years (range, 4.1-11.8 years).

SETTING

Memory disorder clinic. Patients A total of 137 patients with MCI who underwent lumbar puncture at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Conversion to AD dementia.

RESULTS

During follow-up, 72 patients (53.7%) developed AD and 21 (15.7%) progressed to other forms of dementia. At baseline, CSF Aβ42 levels were reduced and T-tau and P-tau levels were elevated in patients who converted to AD during follow-up compared with nonconverters (P < .001). Baseline CSF Aβ42 levels were equally reduced in patients with MCI who converted to AD within 0 to 5 years (early converters) compared with those who converted between 5 and 10 years (late converters). However, CSF T-tau and P-tau levels were significantly higher in early converters vs late converters. A baseline Aβ42:P-tau ratio predicted the development of AD within 9.2 years with a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 90%, positive predictive value of 91%, and negative predictive value of 86%.

CONCLUSIONS

Approximately 90% of patients with MCI and pathologic CSF biomarker levels at baseline develop AD within 9 to 10 years. Levels of Aβ42 are already fully decreased at least 5 to 10 years before conversion to AD dementia, whereas T-tau and P-tau seem to be later markers. These results provide direct support in humans for the hypothesis that altered Aβ metabolism precedes tau-related pathology and neuronal degeneration.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Buchhave P
Neuropsychiatric Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
Minthon L
No affiliation info available
Zetterberg H
No affiliation info available
Wallin AK
No affiliation info available
Blennow K
No affiliation info available
Hansson O
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AgedAlzheimer DiseaseAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkersCognitive DysfunctionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMalePeptide FragmentsPredictive Value of TestsTime Factorstau Proteins

Pub Type(s)

Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

22213792

Citation

Buchhave, Peder, et al. "Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Β-amyloid 1-42, but Not of Tau, Are Fully Changed Already 5 to 10 Years Before the Onset of Alzheimer Dementia." Archives of General Psychiatry, vol. 69, no. 1, 2012, pp. 98-106.
Buchhave P, Minthon L, Zetterberg H, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of β-amyloid 1-42, but not of tau, are fully changed already 5 to 10 years before the onset of Alzheimer dementia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69(1):98-106.
Buchhave, P., Minthon, L., Zetterberg, H., Wallin, A. K., Blennow, K., & Hansson, O. (2012). Cerebrospinal fluid levels of β-amyloid 1-42, but not of tau, are fully changed already 5 to 10 years before the onset of Alzheimer dementia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69(1), 98-106. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.155
Buchhave P, et al. Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Β-amyloid 1-42, but Not of Tau, Are Fully Changed Already 5 to 10 Years Before the Onset of Alzheimer Dementia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69(1):98-106. PubMed PMID: 22213792.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Cerebrospinal fluid levels of β-amyloid 1-42, but not of tau, are fully changed already 5 to 10 years before the onset of Alzheimer dementia. AU - Buchhave,Peder, AU - Minthon,Lennart, AU - Zetterberg,Henrik, AU - Wallin,Asa K, AU - Blennow,Kaj, AU - Hansson,Oskar, PY - 2012/1/4/entrez PY - 2012/1/4/pubmed PY - 2012/2/23/medline SP - 98 EP - 106 JF - Archives of general psychiatry JO - Arch Gen Psychiatry VL - 69 IS - 1 N2 - CONTEXT: Early detection of prodromal Alzheimer disease (AD) is important because new disease-modifying therapies are most likely to be effective when initiated during the early stages of disease. OBJECTIVES: To assess the ability of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), and β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42) to predict future development of AD dementia within 9.2 years in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to compare CSF biomarkers between early and late converters to AD. DESIGN: A clinical study with a median follow-up of 9.2 years (range, 4.1-11.8 years). SETTING: Memory disorder clinic. Patients A total of 137 patients with MCI who underwent lumbar puncture at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Conversion to AD dementia. RESULTS: During follow-up, 72 patients (53.7%) developed AD and 21 (15.7%) progressed to other forms of dementia. At baseline, CSF Aβ42 levels were reduced and T-tau and P-tau levels were elevated in patients who converted to AD during follow-up compared with nonconverters (P < .001). Baseline CSF Aβ42 levels were equally reduced in patients with MCI who converted to AD within 0 to 5 years (early converters) compared with those who converted between 5 and 10 years (late converters). However, CSF T-tau and P-tau levels were significantly higher in early converters vs late converters. A baseline Aβ42:P-tau ratio predicted the development of AD within 9.2 years with a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 90%, positive predictive value of 91%, and negative predictive value of 86%. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 90% of patients with MCI and pathologic CSF biomarker levels at baseline develop AD within 9 to 10 years. Levels of Aβ42 are already fully decreased at least 5 to 10 years before conversion to AD dementia, whereas T-tau and P-tau seem to be later markers. These results provide direct support in humans for the hypothesis that altered Aβ metabolism precedes tau-related pathology and neuronal degeneration. SN - 1538-3636 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/22213792/Cerebrospinal_fluid_levels_of_β_amyloid_1_42_but_not_of_tau_are_fully_changed_already_5_to_10_years_before_the_onset_of_Alzheimer_dementia_ L2 - https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.155 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -