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Investigation of whiplash injuries in the upper cervical spine using a detailed neck model.
J Biomech. 2012 Apr 05; 45(6):1098-102.JB

Abstract

Whiplash injuries continue to have significant societal cost; however, the mechanism and location of whiplash injury is still under investigation. Recently, the upper cervical spine ligaments, particularly the alar ligament, have been identified as a potential whiplash injury location. In this study, a detailed and validated explicit finite element model of a 50th percentile male cervical spine in a seated posture was used to investigate upper cervical spine response and the potential for whiplash injury resulting from vehicle crash scenarios. This model was previously validated at the segment and whole spine levels for both kinematics and soft tissue strains in frontal and rear impact scenarios. The model predicted increasing upper cervical spine ligament strain with increasing impact severity. Considering all upper cervical spine ligaments, the distractions in the apical and alar ligaments were the largest relative to their failure strains, in agreement with the clinical findings. The model predicted the potential for injury to the apical ligament for 15.2 g frontal or 11.7 g rear impacts, and to the alar ligament for a 20.7 g frontal or 14.4 g rear impact based on the ligament distractions. Future studies should consider the effect of initial occupant position on ligament distraction.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Fice JB
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1. jfice@uwaterloo.ca
Cronin DS
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Cervical VertebraeFinite Element AnalysisHumansLigamentsMaleModels, BiologicalNeckWhiplash Injuries

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

22284991

Citation

Fice, Jason B., and Duane S. Cronin. "Investigation of Whiplash Injuries in the Upper Cervical Spine Using a Detailed Neck Model." Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 45, no. 6, 2012, pp. 1098-102.
Fice JB, Cronin DS. Investigation of whiplash injuries in the upper cervical spine using a detailed neck model. J Biomech. 2012;45(6):1098-102.
Fice, J. B., & Cronin, D. S. (2012). Investigation of whiplash injuries in the upper cervical spine using a detailed neck model. Journal of Biomechanics, 45(6), 1098-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.01.016
Fice JB, Cronin DS. Investigation of Whiplash Injuries in the Upper Cervical Spine Using a Detailed Neck Model. J Biomech. 2012 Apr 5;45(6):1098-102. PubMed PMID: 22284991.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of whiplash injuries in the upper cervical spine using a detailed neck model. AU - Fice,Jason B, AU - Cronin,Duane S, Y1 - 2012/01/28/ PY - 2011/08/29/received PY - 2012/01/11/revised PY - 2012/01/11/accepted PY - 2012/1/31/entrez PY - 2012/1/31/pubmed PY - 2012/7/17/medline SP - 1098 EP - 102 JF - Journal of biomechanics JO - J Biomech VL - 45 IS - 6 N2 - Whiplash injuries continue to have significant societal cost; however, the mechanism and location of whiplash injury is still under investigation. Recently, the upper cervical spine ligaments, particularly the alar ligament, have been identified as a potential whiplash injury location. In this study, a detailed and validated explicit finite element model of a 50th percentile male cervical spine in a seated posture was used to investigate upper cervical spine response and the potential for whiplash injury resulting from vehicle crash scenarios. This model was previously validated at the segment and whole spine levels for both kinematics and soft tissue strains in frontal and rear impact scenarios. The model predicted increasing upper cervical spine ligament strain with increasing impact severity. Considering all upper cervical spine ligaments, the distractions in the apical and alar ligaments were the largest relative to their failure strains, in agreement with the clinical findings. The model predicted the potential for injury to the apical ligament for 15.2 g frontal or 11.7 g rear impacts, and to the alar ligament for a 20.7 g frontal or 14.4 g rear impact based on the ligament distractions. Future studies should consider the effect of initial occupant position on ligament distraction. SN - 1873-2380 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/22284991/Investigation_of_whiplash_injuries_in_the_upper_cervical_spine_using_a_detailed_neck_model_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021-9290(12)00037-1 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -