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Effects of experienced disgust on habituation during repeated exposure to threat-relevant stimuli in blood-injection-injury phobia.
Behav Ther. 2012 Mar; 43(1):132-41.BT

Abstract

Despite growing evidence implicating disgust in the etiology of blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia, the relevance of disgust for exposure-based treatment of BII phobia remains largely unknown. Individuals with BII phobia were randomly assigned to a disgust (view vomit videos) or neutral activation (view waterfall videos) condition. They were then exposed to 14 videotaped blood draws, during which fear and disgust levels were repeatedly assessed. Participants then engaged in a behavioral avoidance test (BAT) consisting of exposure to threat-relevant stimuli. Examination of outcome comparing the identical first and last blood-draw clips revealed that fear and disgust toward blood draws was significantly reduced in both groups. Disgust levels were also found to be more intense for the video stimuli relative to fear levels whereas the opposite was true for BAT stimuli. Contrary to predictions, the disgust induction did not enhance reductions in negative responses to the target video or reduce behavioral avoidance. Growth curve analyses did show that individuals with BII phobia exposed to the disgust induction showed greater initial fear levels during repeated exposure than those in the neutral condition. However, this effect was not consistently observed across different analytic approaches. Changes in fear during exposure were also found to be independent of changes in disgust but not vice versa, and greater initial fear levels during repeated exposure to threat was associated with fear and disgust levels during the BAT. The implications of these findings for conceptualizing the role of disgust in etiology and treatment of BII phobia are discussed.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Olatunji BO
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 301 Wilson Hall, 111 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37203, USA. olubunmi.o.olatunji@vanderbilt.edu
Ciesielski BG
No affiliation info available
Wolitzky-Taylor KB
No affiliation info available
Wentworth BJ
No affiliation info available
Viar MA
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdolescentAvoidance LearningCuesEmotionsFearFemaleHabituation, PsychophysiologicHumansImplosive TherapyMalePhobic DisordersPhotic StimulationSeverity of Illness IndexYoung Adult

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial

Language

eng

PubMed ID

22304885

Citation

Olatunji, Bunmi O., et al. "Effects of Experienced Disgust On Habituation During Repeated Exposure to Threat-relevant Stimuli in Blood-injection-injury Phobia." Behavior Therapy, vol. 43, no. 1, 2012, pp. 132-41.
Olatunji BO, Ciesielski BG, Wolitzky-Taylor KB, et al. Effects of experienced disgust on habituation during repeated exposure to threat-relevant stimuli in blood-injection-injury phobia. Behav Ther. 2012;43(1):132-41.
Olatunji, B. O., Ciesielski, B. G., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Wentworth, B. J., & Viar, M. A. (2012). Effects of experienced disgust on habituation during repeated exposure to threat-relevant stimuli in blood-injection-injury phobia. Behavior Therapy, 43(1), 132-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.04.002
Olatunji BO, et al. Effects of Experienced Disgust On Habituation During Repeated Exposure to Threat-relevant Stimuli in Blood-injection-injury Phobia. Behav Ther. 2012;43(1):132-41. PubMed PMID: 22304885.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of experienced disgust on habituation during repeated exposure to threat-relevant stimuli in blood-injection-injury phobia. AU - Olatunji,Bunmi O, AU - Ciesielski,Bethany G, AU - Wolitzky-Taylor,Kate B, AU - Wentworth,Brian J, AU - Viar,Megan A, Y1 - 2011/05/24/ PY - 2010/10/23/received PY - 2011/04/22/revised PY - 2011/04/27/accepted PY - 2012/2/7/entrez PY - 2012/2/7/pubmed PY - 2012/6/5/medline SP - 132 EP - 41 JF - Behavior therapy JO - Behav Ther VL - 43 IS - 1 N2 - Despite growing evidence implicating disgust in the etiology of blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia, the relevance of disgust for exposure-based treatment of BII phobia remains largely unknown. Individuals with BII phobia were randomly assigned to a disgust (view vomit videos) or neutral activation (view waterfall videos) condition. They were then exposed to 14 videotaped blood draws, during which fear and disgust levels were repeatedly assessed. Participants then engaged in a behavioral avoidance test (BAT) consisting of exposure to threat-relevant stimuli. Examination of outcome comparing the identical first and last blood-draw clips revealed that fear and disgust toward blood draws was significantly reduced in both groups. Disgust levels were also found to be more intense for the video stimuli relative to fear levels whereas the opposite was true for BAT stimuli. Contrary to predictions, the disgust induction did not enhance reductions in negative responses to the target video or reduce behavioral avoidance. Growth curve analyses did show that individuals with BII phobia exposed to the disgust induction showed greater initial fear levels during repeated exposure than those in the neutral condition. However, this effect was not consistently observed across different analytic approaches. Changes in fear during exposure were also found to be independent of changes in disgust but not vice versa, and greater initial fear levels during repeated exposure to threat was associated with fear and disgust levels during the BAT. The implications of these findings for conceptualizing the role of disgust in etiology and treatment of BII phobia are discussed. SN - 1878-1888 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/22304885/Effects_of_experienced_disgust_on_habituation_during_repeated_exposure_to_threat_relevant_stimuli_in_blood_injection_injury_phobia_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -