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Dissociation of dysfunctional breathing and odour intolerance among adults in a general-population study.
Clin Respir J. 2013 Apr; 7(2):176-82.CR

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Many patients present with a mixture of respiratory problems such as shortness of breath, heavy breathing, coughing and odour intolerance. If these patients are diagnosed as asthma, it might sometimes be a false diagnosis. Concepts such as sensory hyperreactivity, hyperventilation, asthma-like symptoms, odour intolerance and dysfunctional breathing are used to refer to these patients. Non-respiratory symptoms such as headache, fatigue and bloating are sometimes also part of the clinical picture. Our aim was to use factor analysis to increase our understanding of breathing-related symptoms in a general-population frame.

METHODS

A respiratory questionnaire was answered by 10 108 subjects in a general-population sample. Items aiming to identify individuals with breathing-related symptoms and asthma were included. We used factor analysis with Varimax rotation to extract discriminatory components (i.e. groups of symptoms), based on the questionnaire items. The aim was to find groups of items (factors) as distinct as possible, still allowing overlap and showing the importance of each item in the separated factor.

RESULTS

Five distinct factors were identified in the factor analysis, representing dysfunctional breathing, odour intolerance, asthma, bronchitis and a group with mixed symptoms, respectively. These five factors explained 55% of the variance.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on our findings, we conclude that non-asthmatic breathing-related symptoms may be separated into at least two categories in a general population, odour intolerance and dysfunctional breathing. These two categories seem to be two distinct groups of subjects with breathing-related symptoms and may represent different clinical entities separated from asthma and bronchitis.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Bonde E
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. ellen.bonde@amm.gu.se
Andersson E
No affiliation info available
Brisman J
No affiliation info available
Eklöf M
No affiliation info available
Ringsberg KC
No affiliation info available
Torén K
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdultAsthmaBronchial HyperreactivityDiagnosis, DifferentialFemaleHumansHyperventilationMaleMiddle AgedMultiple Chemical SensitivityOdorantsQuality of LifeSurveys and QuestionnairesSweden

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

22621613

Citation

Bonde, Ellen, et al. "Dissociation of Dysfunctional Breathing and Odour Intolerance Among Adults in a General-population Study." The Clinical Respiratory Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, 2013, pp. 176-82.
Bonde E, Andersson E, Brisman J, et al. Dissociation of dysfunctional breathing and odour intolerance among adults in a general-population study. Clin Respir J. 2013;7(2):176-82.
Bonde, E., Andersson, E., Brisman, J., Eklöf, M., Ringsberg, K. C., & Torén, K. (2013). Dissociation of dysfunctional breathing and odour intolerance among adults in a general-population study. The Clinical Respiratory Journal, 7(2), 176-82.
Bonde E, et al. Dissociation of Dysfunctional Breathing and Odour Intolerance Among Adults in a General-population Study. Clin Respir J. 2013;7(2):176-82. PubMed PMID: 22621613.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Dissociation of dysfunctional breathing and odour intolerance among adults in a general-population study. AU - Bonde,Ellen, AU - Andersson,Eva, AU - Brisman,Jonas, AU - Eklöf,Mats, AU - Ringsberg,Karin C, AU - Torén,Kjell, PY - 2012/5/25/entrez PY - 2012/5/25/pubmed PY - 2016/3/15/medline SP - 176 EP - 82 JF - The clinical respiratory journal JO - Clin Respir J VL - 7 IS - 2 N2 - BACKGROUND: Many patients present with a mixture of respiratory problems such as shortness of breath, heavy breathing, coughing and odour intolerance. If these patients are diagnosed as asthma, it might sometimes be a false diagnosis. Concepts such as sensory hyperreactivity, hyperventilation, asthma-like symptoms, odour intolerance and dysfunctional breathing are used to refer to these patients. Non-respiratory symptoms such as headache, fatigue and bloating are sometimes also part of the clinical picture. Our aim was to use factor analysis to increase our understanding of breathing-related symptoms in a general-population frame. METHODS: A respiratory questionnaire was answered by 10 108 subjects in a general-population sample. Items aiming to identify individuals with breathing-related symptoms and asthma were included. We used factor analysis with Varimax rotation to extract discriminatory components (i.e. groups of symptoms), based on the questionnaire items. The aim was to find groups of items (factors) as distinct as possible, still allowing overlap and showing the importance of each item in the separated factor. RESULTS: Five distinct factors were identified in the factor analysis, representing dysfunctional breathing, odour intolerance, asthma, bronchitis and a group with mixed symptoms, respectively. These five factors explained 55% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, we conclude that non-asthmatic breathing-related symptoms may be separated into at least two categories in a general population, odour intolerance and dysfunctional breathing. These two categories seem to be two distinct groups of subjects with breathing-related symptoms and may represent different clinical entities separated from asthma and bronchitis. SN - 1752-699X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/22621613/Dissociation_of_dysfunctional_breathing_and_odour_intolerance_among_adults_in_a_general_population_study_ L2 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-699X.2012.00299.x DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -