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Opium could be considered an independent risk factor for lung cancer: a case-control study.
Respiration. 2013; 85(2):112-8.R

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and half of all incident lung cancers are believed to occur in the developing countries, including Iran.

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the association of opium with the risk of lung cancer in a case-control study.

METHODS

We enrolled 242 cases and 484 matched controls in this study. A questionnaire was developed, containing questions on basic demographic characteristics, as well as lifelong history of smoking cigarettes, exposure to passive smoking, opium use and alcohol consumption. For smoking cigarettes and opium and also oral opium intake frequency, duration and cumulative use were categorized into three groups: no use, low use and high use. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS

Multivariate analysis in men showed that after adjusting for the effect of ethnicity, education and pack years of smoking cigarettes, smoking opium remained as a significant independent risk factor with an OR of 3.1 (95% CI 1.2-8.1). In addition, concomitant heavy smoking of cigarettes and opium dramatically increased the risk of lung cancer to an OR of 35.0 (95% CI 11.4-107.9).

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated that smoking opium is associated with a high risk of lung cancer as an independent risk factor.

Links

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Masjedi MR
Clinical Tuberculosis Epidemiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Naghan PA
No affiliation info available
Taslimi S
No affiliation info available
Yousefifard M
No affiliation info available
Ebrahimi SM
No affiliation info available
Khosravi A
No affiliation info available
Karimi S
No affiliation info available
Hosseini M
No affiliation info available
Mortaz E
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Case-Control StudiesFemaleHumansIranLung NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisNarcoticsOpioid-Related DisordersOpiumRisk FactorsSex FactorsSmokingSurveys and QuestionnairesTime Factors

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Multicenter Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

22759984

Citation

Masjedi, Mohammad Reza, et al. "Opium Could Be Considered an Independent Risk Factor for Lung Cancer: a Case-control Study." Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases, vol. 85, no. 2, 2013, pp. 112-8.
Masjedi MR, Naghan PA, Taslimi S, et al. Opium could be considered an independent risk factor for lung cancer: a case-control study. Respiration. 2013;85(2):112-8.
Masjedi, M. R., Naghan, P. A., Taslimi, S., Yousefifard, M., Ebrahimi, S. M., Khosravi, A., Karimi, S., Hosseini, M., & Mortaz, E. (2013). Opium could be considered an independent risk factor for lung cancer: a case-control study. Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases, 85(2), 112-8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000338559
Masjedi MR, et al. Opium Could Be Considered an Independent Risk Factor for Lung Cancer: a Case-control Study. Respiration. 2013;85(2):112-8. PubMed PMID: 22759984.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Opium could be considered an independent risk factor for lung cancer: a case-control study. AU - Masjedi,Mohammad Reza, AU - Naghan,Parisa Adimi, AU - Taslimi,Shervin, AU - Yousefifard,Mahmoud, AU - Ebrahimi,Seyyed Meisam, AU - Khosravi,Adnan, AU - Karimi,Shirin, AU - Hosseini,Mostafa, AU - Mortaz,Esmaeil, Y1 - 2012/07/03/ PY - 2011/12/13/received PY - 2012/03/22/accepted PY - 2012/7/5/entrez PY - 2012/7/5/pubmed PY - 2013/8/24/medline SP - 112 EP - 8 JF - Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases JO - Respiration VL - 85 IS - 2 N2 - BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and half of all incident lung cancers are believed to occur in the developing countries, including Iran. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association of opium with the risk of lung cancer in a case-control study. METHODS: We enrolled 242 cases and 484 matched controls in this study. A questionnaire was developed, containing questions on basic demographic characteristics, as well as lifelong history of smoking cigarettes, exposure to passive smoking, opium use and alcohol consumption. For smoking cigarettes and opium and also oral opium intake frequency, duration and cumulative use were categorized into three groups: no use, low use and high use. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Multivariate analysis in men showed that after adjusting for the effect of ethnicity, education and pack years of smoking cigarettes, smoking opium remained as a significant independent risk factor with an OR of 3.1 (95% CI 1.2-8.1). In addition, concomitant heavy smoking of cigarettes and opium dramatically increased the risk of lung cancer to an OR of 35.0 (95% CI 11.4-107.9). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that smoking opium is associated with a high risk of lung cancer as an independent risk factor. SN - 1423-0356 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/22759984/Opium_could_be_considered_an_independent_risk_factor_for_lung_cancer:_a_case_control_study_ L2 - https://www.karger.com?DOI=10.1159/000338559 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -