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Phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of the principal apples produced in Brazil.
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2013 Aug; 64(5):611-20.IJ

Abstract

This study evaluated the phenols of the Gala, Fuji and Golden Delicious varieties, which make up 95% of Brazilian production. The phenolic profiles (whole fruit) were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography, total phenols were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau method and antioxidant capacity by the FRAP method (whole fruit, skin, pulp and centre). The Golden Delicious had the highest phenol content (408 mg/fruit) compared to Fuji (194 mg/fruit) and Gala (162 mg/fruit), and the antioxidant capacity of the Golden Delicious was 2.5 and 3.6 times higher than that found in the Fuji and Gala, respectively. The phenolic profile for the three varieties showed 5-caffeoylquinic acid, (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin B2 and phloridzin as major components with procyanidins as the predominant class and quercetin as the minority. The consumption of apple pulp may provide 48-78% of the antioxidant capacity; however, if the peel is ingested, it may increase to 79-89%. The type of apple variety and the parts ingested are factors that must be taken into consideration in consumption.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Zardo DM
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
Silva KM
No affiliation info available
Guyot S
No affiliation info available
Nogueira A
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AntioxidantsBrazilFruitMalusPhenolsProanthocyanidinsQuercetinSpecies Specificity

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

23360097

Citation

Zardo, Danianni Marinho, et al. "Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of the Principal Apples Produced in Brazil." International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 64, no. 5, 2013, pp. 611-20.
Zardo DM, Silva KM, Guyot S, et al. Phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of the principal apples produced in Brazil. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2013;64(5):611-20.
Zardo, D. M., Silva, K. M., Guyot, S., & Nogueira, A. (2013). Phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of the principal apples produced in Brazil. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 64(5), 611-20. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2013.763909
Zardo DM, et al. Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of the Principal Apples Produced in Brazil. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2013;64(5):611-20. PubMed PMID: 23360097.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of the principal apples produced in Brazil. AU - Zardo,Danianni Marinho, AU - Silva,Karolline Marques, AU - Guyot,Sylvain, AU - Nogueira,Alessandro, Y1 - 2013/01/29/ PY - 2013/1/31/entrez PY - 2013/1/31/pubmed PY - 2014/1/29/medline SP - 611 EP - 20 JF - International journal of food sciences and nutrition JO - Int J Food Sci Nutr VL - 64 IS - 5 N2 - This study evaluated the phenols of the Gala, Fuji and Golden Delicious varieties, which make up 95% of Brazilian production. The phenolic profiles (whole fruit) were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography, total phenols were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau method and antioxidant capacity by the FRAP method (whole fruit, skin, pulp and centre). The Golden Delicious had the highest phenol content (408 mg/fruit) compared to Fuji (194 mg/fruit) and Gala (162 mg/fruit), and the antioxidant capacity of the Golden Delicious was 2.5 and 3.6 times higher than that found in the Fuji and Gala, respectively. The phenolic profile for the three varieties showed 5-caffeoylquinic acid, (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin B2 and phloridzin as major components with procyanidins as the predominant class and quercetin as the minority. The consumption of apple pulp may provide 48-78% of the antioxidant capacity; however, if the peel is ingested, it may increase to 79-89%. The type of apple variety and the parts ingested are factors that must be taken into consideration in consumption. SN - 1465-3478 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/23360097/Phenolic_profile_and_antioxidant_capacity_of_the_principal_apples_produced_in_Brazil_ L2 - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/09637486.2013.763909 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -