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Removal of diclofenac by conventional drinking water treatment processes and granular activated carbon filtration.
Chemosphere. 2013 Jun; 92(2):184-91.C

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of conventional drinking water treatment processes with and without pre-oxidation with chlorine and chlorine dioxide and the use of granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration for the removal of diclofenac (DCF). Water treatment was performed using the Jar test with filters on a lab scale, employing nonchlorinated artesian well water prepared with aquatic humic substances to yield 20HU true color, kaolin turbidity of 70 NTU and 1mgL(-1) DCF. For the quantification of DCF in water samples, solid phase extraction and HPLC-DAD methods were developed and validated. There was no removal of DCF in coagulation with aluminum sulfate (3.47mgAlL(-1) and pH=6.5), flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration. In the treatment with pre-oxidation and disinfection, DCF was partially removed, but the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was unchanged and byproducts of DCF were observed. Chlorine dioxide was more effective than chorine in oxidizing DCF. In conclusion, the identification of DCF and DOC in finished water indicated the incomplete elimination of DCF through conventional treatments. Nevertheless, conventional drinking water treatment followed by GAC filtration was effective in removing DCF (⩾99.7%). In the oxidation with chlorine, three byproducts were tentatively identified, corresponding to a hydroxylation, aromatic substitution of one hydrogen by chlorine and a decarboxylation/hydroxylation. Oxidation with chlorine dioxide resulted in only one byproduct (hydroxylation).

Links

Publisher Full Text
linkinghub.elsevier.com
linkinghub.elsevier.com

Authors+Show Affiliations

Rigobello ES
Department of Chemistry and Molecular Physics, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, 13566-570 São Carlos, Brazil. elisloboda@hotmail.com
Dantas AD
No affiliation info available
Di Bernardo L
No affiliation info available
Vieira EM
No affiliation info available

MeSH

CharcoalChlorineChlorine CompoundsChromatography, High Pressure LiquidDiclofenacDisinfectionFiltrationHumic SubstancesHydroxylationOxidation-ReductionOxidesSpectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationWater Purification

Pub Type(s)

Evaluation Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

23540811

Citation

Rigobello, Eliane Sloboda, et al. "Removal of Diclofenac By Conventional Drinking Water Treatment Processes and Granular Activated Carbon Filtration." Chemosphere, vol. 92, no. 2, 2013, pp. 184-91.
Rigobello ES, Dantas AD, Di Bernardo L, et al. Removal of diclofenac by conventional drinking water treatment processes and granular activated carbon filtration. Chemosphere. 2013;92(2):184-91.
Rigobello, E. S., Dantas, A. D., Di Bernardo, L., & Vieira, E. M. (2013). Removal of diclofenac by conventional drinking water treatment processes and granular activated carbon filtration. Chemosphere, 92(2), 184-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.010
Rigobello ES, et al. Removal of Diclofenac By Conventional Drinking Water Treatment Processes and Granular Activated Carbon Filtration. Chemosphere. 2013;92(2):184-91. PubMed PMID: 23540811.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of diclofenac by conventional drinking water treatment processes and granular activated carbon filtration. AU - Rigobello,Eliane Sloboda, AU - Dantas,Angela Di Bernardo, AU - Di Bernardo,Luiz, AU - Vieira,Eny Maria, Y1 - 2013/03/27/ PY - 2012/09/22/received PY - 2013/03/06/revised PY - 2013/03/07/accepted PY - 2013/4/2/entrez PY - 2013/4/2/pubmed PY - 2013/11/12/medline SP - 184 EP - 91 JF - Chemosphere JO - Chemosphere VL - 92 IS - 2 N2 - This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of conventional drinking water treatment processes with and without pre-oxidation with chlorine and chlorine dioxide and the use of granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration for the removal of diclofenac (DCF). Water treatment was performed using the Jar test with filters on a lab scale, employing nonchlorinated artesian well water prepared with aquatic humic substances to yield 20HU true color, kaolin turbidity of 70 NTU and 1mgL(-1) DCF. For the quantification of DCF in water samples, solid phase extraction and HPLC-DAD methods were developed and validated. There was no removal of DCF in coagulation with aluminum sulfate (3.47mgAlL(-1) and pH=6.5), flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration. In the treatment with pre-oxidation and disinfection, DCF was partially removed, but the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was unchanged and byproducts of DCF were observed. Chlorine dioxide was more effective than chorine in oxidizing DCF. In conclusion, the identification of DCF and DOC in finished water indicated the incomplete elimination of DCF through conventional treatments. Nevertheless, conventional drinking water treatment followed by GAC filtration was effective in removing DCF (⩾99.7%). In the oxidation with chlorine, three byproducts were tentatively identified, corresponding to a hydroxylation, aromatic substitution of one hydrogen by chlorine and a decarboxylation/hydroxylation. Oxidation with chlorine dioxide resulted in only one byproduct (hydroxylation). SN - 1879-1298 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/23540811/Removal_of_diclofenac_by_conventional_drinking_water_treatment_processes_and_granular_activated_carbon_filtration_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0045-6535(13)00387-1 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -