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Assessing the efficacy of pre-harvest, chlorine-based sanitizers against human pathogen indicator microorganisms and Phytophthora capsici in non-recycled surface irrigation water.
Water Res. 2013 Sep 01; 47(13):4639-51.WR

Abstract

Many factors must be considered in order to develop and implement treatment systems to improve the microbial quality of surface water and prevent the accidental introduction of plant and human pathogens into vegetable crops. The efficacy of chlorine gas (Cl2(g)) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) injection systems in combination with rapid sand filtration (RSF) was evaluated in killing fecal indicator microorganisms in irrigation water in a vegetable-intensive production area. The efficacy of ClO2 and Cl2(g) was variable throughout the distribution systems and coliform bacteria never dropped below levels required by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for recreational waters. Sampling date and sampling point had a significant effect on the abundance of coliforms in Cl2(g)- and ClO2-treated water. Sampling date and sampling point also had a significant effect on the abundance of generic Escherichia coli in Cl2(g) treated water but only sampling point was significant in ClO2 treated water. Although the waterborne plant pathogen Phytophthora capsici was detected in five different sources of surface irrigation water using baiting and P. capsici-specific PCR, in vitro studies indicated that ClO2 at concentrations similar to those used to treat irrigation water did not reduce mycelial growth or direct germination of P. capsici sporangia and reduced zoospore populations by less than 50%. This study concludes that injection of ClO2 and Cl2(g) into surface water prior to rapid sand filtration is inadequate in reducing fecal indicator microorganism populations and ClO2 ineffectively kills infectious propagules of P. capsici. Additional research is needed to design a system that effectively targets and significantly reduces both plant and human pathogens that are present in surface irrigation water. A model for a multiple barrier approach to treating surface water for irrigation is proposed.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Lewis Ivey ML
Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
Miller SA
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Agricultural IrrigationChlorineChlorine CompoundsDisinfectantsHumansLeast-Squares AnalysisModels, TheoreticalMyceliumOxidesPhytophthoraPolymerase Chain ReactionRecyclingWaterWater MicrobiologyWater Quality

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

23770479

Citation

Lewis Ivey, M L., and S A. Miller. "Assessing the Efficacy of Pre-harvest, Chlorine-based Sanitizers Against Human Pathogen Indicator Microorganisms and Phytophthora Capsici in Non-recycled Surface Irrigation Water." Water Research, vol. 47, no. 13, 2013, pp. 4639-51.
Lewis Ivey ML, Miller SA. Assessing the efficacy of pre-harvest, chlorine-based sanitizers against human pathogen indicator microorganisms and Phytophthora capsici in non-recycled surface irrigation water. Water Res. 2013;47(13):4639-51.
Lewis Ivey, M. L., & Miller, S. A. (2013). Assessing the efficacy of pre-harvest, chlorine-based sanitizers against human pathogen indicator microorganisms and Phytophthora capsici in non-recycled surface irrigation water. Water Research, 47(13), 4639-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.04.037
Lewis Ivey ML, Miller SA. Assessing the Efficacy of Pre-harvest, Chlorine-based Sanitizers Against Human Pathogen Indicator Microorganisms and Phytophthora Capsici in Non-recycled Surface Irrigation Water. Water Res. 2013 Sep 1;47(13):4639-51. PubMed PMID: 23770479.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the efficacy of pre-harvest, chlorine-based sanitizers against human pathogen indicator microorganisms and Phytophthora capsici in non-recycled surface irrigation water. AU - Lewis Ivey,M L, AU - Miller,S A, Y1 - 2013/05/03/ PY - 2013/01/11/received PY - 2013/04/04/revised PY - 2013/04/18/accepted PY - 2013/6/18/entrez PY - 2013/6/19/pubmed PY - 2014/2/26/medline KW - Chlorine dioxide KW - Chlorine gas KW - Irrigation water KW - Multiple barrier approach KW - Phytophthora SP - 4639 EP - 51 JF - Water research JO - Water Res VL - 47 IS - 13 N2 - Many factors must be considered in order to develop and implement treatment systems to improve the microbial quality of surface water and prevent the accidental introduction of plant and human pathogens into vegetable crops. The efficacy of chlorine gas (Cl2(g)) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) injection systems in combination with rapid sand filtration (RSF) was evaluated in killing fecal indicator microorganisms in irrigation water in a vegetable-intensive production area. The efficacy of ClO2 and Cl2(g) was variable throughout the distribution systems and coliform bacteria never dropped below levels required by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for recreational waters. Sampling date and sampling point had a significant effect on the abundance of coliforms in Cl2(g)- and ClO2-treated water. Sampling date and sampling point also had a significant effect on the abundance of generic Escherichia coli in Cl2(g) treated water but only sampling point was significant in ClO2 treated water. Although the waterborne plant pathogen Phytophthora capsici was detected in five different sources of surface irrigation water using baiting and P. capsici-specific PCR, in vitro studies indicated that ClO2 at concentrations similar to those used to treat irrigation water did not reduce mycelial growth or direct germination of P. capsici sporangia and reduced zoospore populations by less than 50%. This study concludes that injection of ClO2 and Cl2(g) into surface water prior to rapid sand filtration is inadequate in reducing fecal indicator microorganism populations and ClO2 ineffectively kills infectious propagules of P. capsici. Additional research is needed to design a system that effectively targets and significantly reduces both plant and human pathogens that are present in surface irrigation water. A model for a multiple barrier approach to treating surface water for irrigation is proposed. SN - 1879-2448 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/23770479/Assessing_the_efficacy_of_pre_harvest_chlorine_based_sanitizers_against_human_pathogen_indicator_microorganisms_and_Phytophthora_capsici_in_non_recycled_surface_irrigation_water_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -