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Submicron and nano formulations of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide stimulate unique cellular toxicological responses in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
J Hazard Mater. 2013 Sep 15; 260:984-92.JH

Abstract

The work investigates the eco-cytoxicity of submicron and nano TiO₂ and ZnO, arising from the unique interactions of freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to soluble and undissolved components of the metal oxides. In a freshwater medium, submicron and nano TiO₂ exist as suspended aggregates with no-observable leaching. Submicron and nano ZnO undergo comparable concentration-dependent fractional leaching, and exist as dissolved zinc and aggregates of undissolved ZnO. Cellular internalisation of solid TiO₂ stimulates cellular ROS generation as an early stress response. The cellular redox imbalance was observed for both submicron and nano TiO₂ exposure, despite exhibiting benign effects on the alga proliferation (8-day EC50>100 mg TiO₂/L). Parallel exposure of C. reinhardtii to submicron and nano ZnO saw cellular uptake of both the leached zinc and solid ZnO and resulting in inhibition of the alga growth (8-day EC50≥0.01 mg ZnO/L). Despite the sensitivity, no zinc-induced cellular ROS generation was detected, even at 100 mg ZnO/L exposure. Taken together, the observations confront the generally accepted paradigm of cellular oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity of particles. The knowledge of speciation of particles and the corresponding stimulation of unique cellular responses and cytotoxicity is vital for assessment of the environmental implications of these materials.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Gunawan C
ARC Centre of Excellence for Functional Nanomaterials, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. c.gunawan@unsw.edu.au
Sirimanoonphan A
No affiliation info available
Teoh WY
No affiliation info available
Marquis CP
No affiliation info available
Amal R
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiDose-Response Relationship, DrugEcosystemFresh WaterMetal NanoparticlesMicroscopy, FluorescenceNanotechnologyOxidation-ReductionOxidative StressParticle SizeReactive Oxygen SpeciesTime FactorsTitaniumToxicity TestsWater Pollutants, ChemicalZinc Oxide

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

23892165

Citation

Gunawan, Cindy, et al. "Submicron and Nano Formulations of Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Stimulate Unique Cellular Toxicological Responses in the Green Microalga Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii." Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 260, 2013, pp. 984-92.
Gunawan C, Sirimanoonphan A, Teoh WY, et al. Submicron and nano formulations of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide stimulate unique cellular toxicological responses in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Hazard Mater. 2013;260:984-92.
Gunawan, C., Sirimanoonphan, A., Teoh, W. Y., Marquis, C. P., & Amal, R. (2013). Submicron and nano formulations of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide stimulate unique cellular toxicological responses in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 260, 984-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.067
Gunawan C, et al. Submicron and Nano Formulations of Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Stimulate Unique Cellular Toxicological Responses in the Green Microalga Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii. J Hazard Mater. 2013 Sep 15;260:984-92. PubMed PMID: 23892165.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Submicron and nano formulations of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide stimulate unique cellular toxicological responses in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AU - Gunawan,Cindy, AU - Sirimanoonphan,Aunchisa, AU - Teoh,Wey Yang, AU - Marquis,Christopher P, AU - Amal,Rose, Y1 - 2013/07/04/ PY - 2013/04/15/received PY - 2013/06/14/revised PY - 2013/06/26/accepted PY - 2013/7/30/entrez PY - 2013/7/31/pubmed PY - 2014/4/2/medline KW - Nanoparticles KW - Reactive oxygen species KW - Speciation KW - Submicron particles KW - Toxicity SP - 984 EP - 92 JF - Journal of hazardous materials JO - J Hazard Mater VL - 260 N2 - The work investigates the eco-cytoxicity of submicron and nano TiO₂ and ZnO, arising from the unique interactions of freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to soluble and undissolved components of the metal oxides. In a freshwater medium, submicron and nano TiO₂ exist as suspended aggregates with no-observable leaching. Submicron and nano ZnO undergo comparable concentration-dependent fractional leaching, and exist as dissolved zinc and aggregates of undissolved ZnO. Cellular internalisation of solid TiO₂ stimulates cellular ROS generation as an early stress response. The cellular redox imbalance was observed for both submicron and nano TiO₂ exposure, despite exhibiting benign effects on the alga proliferation (8-day EC50>100 mg TiO₂/L). Parallel exposure of C. reinhardtii to submicron and nano ZnO saw cellular uptake of both the leached zinc and solid ZnO and resulting in inhibition of the alga growth (8-day EC50≥0.01 mg ZnO/L). Despite the sensitivity, no zinc-induced cellular ROS generation was detected, even at 100 mg ZnO/L exposure. Taken together, the observations confront the generally accepted paradigm of cellular oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity of particles. The knowledge of speciation of particles and the corresponding stimulation of unique cellular responses and cytotoxicity is vital for assessment of the environmental implications of these materials. SN - 1873-3336 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/23892165/Submicron_and_nano_formulations_of_titanium_dioxide_and_zinc_oxide_stimulate_unique_cellular_toxicological_responses_in_the_green_microalga_Chlamydomonas_reinhardtii_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304-3894(13)00467-6 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -