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Severe pre-eclampsia and hypertensive crises.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2013 Dec; 27(6):877-84.BP

Abstract

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are one of the leading causes of peripartum morbidity and mortality globally. Hypertensive disease in pregnancy is associated with a spectrum of severity, ranging from mild pregnancy-induced hypertension to eclampsia. Although most cases of pre-eclampsia may be managed successfully, severe pre-eclampsia is a life-threatening multisystem disease associated with eclampsia, HELLP (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome, acute kidney injury, pulmonary oedema, placental abruption and intrauterine foetal death. Management of severe pre-eclampsia includes identification of high-risk patients, optimisation of antenatal care, early intervention and the identification and early management of complications. In the first instance, oral anti-hypertensive agents, including labetalol, nifedipine and methyldopa, should be tried. If oral anti-hypertensive agents have failed to adequately control blood pressure, intravenous anti-hypertensives should be considered. Commonly used intravenous anti-hypertensives include labetalol, hydralazine and glyceryl trinitrate. In addition to anti-hypertensive agents, close attention should be given to regular clinical examination, assessment of fluid balance, neurologic status and monitoring of other vital signs. Magnesium sulphate should be considered early to prevent seizures. Delivery of the baby is the definitive management of severe pre-eclampsia.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Arulkumaran N
Renal Section, Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, Cruciform Building, London, Greater London NW1 2BU, UK. Electronic address: nish_arul@yahoo.com.
Lightstone L
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Administration, IntravenousAdministration, OralAntihypertensive AgentsCritical CareEarly DiagnosisEclampsiaFemaleHELLP SyndromeHumansHydralazineHypertension, Pregnancy-InducedLabetalolMagnesium SulfateMethyldopaNifedipineNitroglycerinPre-EclampsiaPregnancyRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexTreatment OutcomeUnited Kingdom

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

23962474

Clinical Trial Links

Use of Sildenafil Citrate in Management of Mild Pre-eclampsia

Citation

Arulkumaran, N, and L Lightstone. "Severe Pre-eclampsia and Hypertensive Crises." Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, vol. 27, no. 6, 2013, pp. 877-84.
Arulkumaran N, Lightstone L. Severe pre-eclampsia and hypertensive crises. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2013;27(6):877-84.
Arulkumaran, N., & Lightstone, L. (2013). Severe pre-eclampsia and hypertensive crises. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 27(6), 877-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.07.003
Arulkumaran N, Lightstone L. Severe Pre-eclampsia and Hypertensive Crises. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2013;27(6):877-84. PubMed PMID: 23962474.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Severe pre-eclampsia and hypertensive crises. AU - Arulkumaran,N, AU - Lightstone,L, Y1 - 2013/08/17/ PY - 2013/05/22/received PY - 2013/07/22/accepted PY - 2013/8/22/entrez PY - 2013/8/22/pubmed PY - 2014/3/5/medline KW - hypertension KW - intensive care KW - pre-eclampsia SP - 877 EP - 84 JF - Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology JO - Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol VL - 27 IS - 6 N2 - Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are one of the leading causes of peripartum morbidity and mortality globally. Hypertensive disease in pregnancy is associated with a spectrum of severity, ranging from mild pregnancy-induced hypertension to eclampsia. Although most cases of pre-eclampsia may be managed successfully, severe pre-eclampsia is a life-threatening multisystem disease associated with eclampsia, HELLP (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome, acute kidney injury, pulmonary oedema, placental abruption and intrauterine foetal death. Management of severe pre-eclampsia includes identification of high-risk patients, optimisation of antenatal care, early intervention and the identification and early management of complications. In the first instance, oral anti-hypertensive agents, including labetalol, nifedipine and methyldopa, should be tried. If oral anti-hypertensive agents have failed to adequately control blood pressure, intravenous anti-hypertensives should be considered. Commonly used intravenous anti-hypertensives include labetalol, hydralazine and glyceryl trinitrate. In addition to anti-hypertensive agents, close attention should be given to regular clinical examination, assessment of fluid balance, neurologic status and monitoring of other vital signs. Magnesium sulphate should be considered early to prevent seizures. Delivery of the baby is the definitive management of severe pre-eclampsia. SN - 1532-1932 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/23962474/Severe_pre_eclampsia_and_hypertensive_crises_ L2 - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1521-6934(13)00098-9 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -