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Association of mediterranean diet with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2014; 39(2):271-82.JA

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE

To conduct a systematic review of all studies to determine whether there is an association between the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and cognitive impairment.

METHODS

We conducted a comprehensive search of the major databases and hand-searched proceedings of major neurology, psychiatry, and dementia conferences through November 2012. Prospective cohort studies examining the MeDi with longitudinal follow-up of at least 1 year and reporting cognitive outcomes (mild cognitive impairment [MCI] or Alzheimer's disease [AD]) were included. The effect size was estimated as hazard-ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q-test and I2-statistic.

RESULTS

Out of the 664 studies screened, five studies met eligibility criteria. Higher adherence to the MeDi was associated with reduced risk of MCI and AD. The subjects in the highest MeDi tertile had 33% less risk (adjusted HR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.55-0.81; p < 0.0001) of cognitive impairment (MCI or AD) as compared to the lowest MeDi score tertile. Among cognitively normal individuals, higher adherence to the MeDi was associated with a reduced risk of MCI (HR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.96; p = 0.02) and AD (HR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46-0.89; p = 0.007). There was no significant heterogeneity in the analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

While the overall number of studies is small, pooled results suggest that a higher adherence to the MeDi is associated with a reduced risk of developing MCI and AD, and a reduced risk of progressing from MCI to AD. Further prospective-cohort studies with longer follow-up and randomized controlled trials are warranted to consolidate the evidence. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO 2013: CRD42013003868.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Singh B
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA.
Parsaik AK
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Mielke MM
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Erwin PJ
Mayo Medical Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Knopman DS
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Petersen RC
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Roberts RO
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

MeSH

Alzheimer DiseaseCognitive DysfunctionDiet, MediterraneanDisease ProgressionHumansRisk

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Systematic Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

24164735

Clinical Trial Links

Can Lifestyle Changes Reverse Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease

Citation

Singh, Balwinder, et al. "Association of Mediterranean Diet With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD, vol. 39, no. 2, 2014, pp. 271-82.
Singh B, Parsaik AK, Mielke MM, et al. Association of mediterranean diet with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;39(2):271-82.
Singh, B., Parsaik, A. K., Mielke, M. M., Erwin, P. J., Knopman, D. S., Petersen, R. C., & Roberts, R. O. (2014). Association of mediterranean diet with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD, 39(2), 271-82. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-130830
Singh B, et al. Association of Mediterranean Diet With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;39(2):271-82. PubMed PMID: 24164735.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Association of mediterranean diet with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AU - Singh,Balwinder, AU - Parsaik,Ajay K, AU - Mielke,Michelle M, AU - Erwin,Patricia J, AU - Knopman,David S, AU - Petersen,Ronald C, AU - Roberts,Rosebud O, PY - 2013/10/30/entrez PY - 2013/10/30/pubmed PY - 2014/10/22/medline KW - Alzheimer's disease KW - Mediterranean diet KW - meta-analysis KW - mild cognitive impairment KW - systematic review SP - 271 EP - 82 JF - Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD JO - J Alzheimers Dis VL - 39 IS - 2 N2 - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of all studies to determine whether there is an association between the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and cognitive impairment. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of the major databases and hand-searched proceedings of major neurology, psychiatry, and dementia conferences through November 2012. Prospective cohort studies examining the MeDi with longitudinal follow-up of at least 1 year and reporting cognitive outcomes (mild cognitive impairment [MCI] or Alzheimer's disease [AD]) were included. The effect size was estimated as hazard-ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q-test and I2-statistic. RESULTS: Out of the 664 studies screened, five studies met eligibility criteria. Higher adherence to the MeDi was associated with reduced risk of MCI and AD. The subjects in the highest MeDi tertile had 33% less risk (adjusted HR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.55-0.81; p < 0.0001) of cognitive impairment (MCI or AD) as compared to the lowest MeDi score tertile. Among cognitively normal individuals, higher adherence to the MeDi was associated with a reduced risk of MCI (HR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.96; p = 0.02) and AD (HR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46-0.89; p = 0.007). There was no significant heterogeneity in the analyses. CONCLUSIONS: While the overall number of studies is small, pooled results suggest that a higher adherence to the MeDi is associated with a reduced risk of developing MCI and AD, and a reduced risk of progressing from MCI to AD. Further prospective-cohort studies with longer follow-up and randomized controlled trials are warranted to consolidate the evidence. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO 2013: CRD42013003868. SN - 1875-8908 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/24164735/Association_of_mediterranean_diet_with_mild_cognitive_impairment_and_Alzheimer's_disease:_a_systematic_review_and_meta_analysis_ L2 - https://content.iospress.com/openurl?genre=article&amp;id=doi:10.3233/JAD-130830 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -