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In vitro inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication by Mentha suaveolens essential oil and its main component piperitenone oxide.
Phytomedicine. 2014 May 15; 21(6):857-65.P

Abstract

Several essential oils exert in vitro activity against bacteria and viruses and, among these latter, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is known to develop resistance to commonly used antiviral agents. Thus, the effects of the essential oil derived from Mentha suaveolens (EOMS) and its active principle piperitenone oxide (PEO) were tested in in vitro experimental model of infection with HSV-1. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined at 5.1μg/ml and 1.4μg/ml for EOMS and PEO, respectively. Australian tea tree oil (TTO) was used as control, revealing an IC50 of 13.2μg/ml. Moreover, a synergistic action against HSV-1 was observed when each oil was added in combination with acyclovir. In order to find out the mechanism of action, EOMS, PEO and TTO were added to the cells at different times during the virus life-cycle. Results obtained by yield reduction assay indicated that the antiviral activity of both compounds was principally due to an effect after viral adsorption. Indeed, no reduction of virus yield was observed when cells were treated during viral adsorption or pre-treated before viral infection. In particular, PEO exerted a strong inhibitory effect by interfering with a late step of HSV-1 life-cycle. HSV-1 infection is known to induce a pro-oxidative state with depletion of the main intracellular antioxidant glutathione and this redox change in the cell is important for viral replication. Interestingly, the treatment with PEO corrected this deficit, thus suggesting that the compound could interfere with some redox-sensitive cellular pathways exploited for viral replication. Overall our data suggest that both EOMS and PEO could be considered good candidates for novel anti-HSV-1 strategies, and need further exploration to better characterize the targets underlying their inhibition.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Civitelli L
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Panella S
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Marcocci ME
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
De Petris A
Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Garzoli S
Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Pepi F
Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Vavala E
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Ragno R
Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Nencioni L
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Palamara AT
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; San Raffaele Pisana Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care, Rome, Italy.
Angiolella L
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: letizia.angiolella@uniroma1.it.

MeSH

AnimalsAntiviral AgentsChlorocebus aethiopsHerpesviridae InfectionsHerpesvirus 1, HumanIn Vitro TechniquesInhibitory Concentration 50MaleMenthaMonoterpenesOils, VolatilePhytotherapyPlant ExtractsTea Tree OilVero CellsVirus Replication

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

24629600

Citation

Civitelli, Livia, et al. "In Vitro Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Replication By Mentha Suaveolens Essential Oil and Its Main Component Piperitenone Oxide." Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology, vol. 21, no. 6, 2014, pp. 857-65.
Civitelli L, Panella S, Marcocci ME, et al. In vitro inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication by Mentha suaveolens essential oil and its main component piperitenone oxide. Phytomedicine. 2014;21(6):857-65.
Civitelli, L., Panella, S., Marcocci, M. E., De Petris, A., Garzoli, S., Pepi, F., Vavala, E., Ragno, R., Nencioni, L., Palamara, A. T., & Angiolella, L. (2014). In vitro inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication by Mentha suaveolens essential oil and its main component piperitenone oxide. Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology, 21(6), 857-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.01.013
Civitelli L, et al. In Vitro Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Replication By Mentha Suaveolens Essential Oil and Its Main Component Piperitenone Oxide. Phytomedicine. 2014 May 15;21(6):857-65. PubMed PMID: 24629600.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication by Mentha suaveolens essential oil and its main component piperitenone oxide. AU - Civitelli,Livia, AU - Panella,Simona, AU - Marcocci,Maria Elena, AU - De Petris,Alberto, AU - Garzoli,Stefania, AU - Pepi,Federico, AU - Vavala,Elisabetta, AU - Ragno,Rino, AU - Nencioni,Lucia, AU - Palamara,Anna Teresa, AU - Angiolella,Letizia, Y1 - 2014/03/11/ PY - 2013/08/15/received PY - 2013/11/14/revised PY - 2014/01/31/accepted PY - 2014/3/18/entrez PY - 2014/3/19/pubmed PY - 2015/1/3/medline KW - Essential oil KW - Glutathione KW - Herpes simplex KW - Tea tree oil KW - Viral activity SP - 857 EP - 65 JF - Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology JO - Phytomedicine VL - 21 IS - 6 N2 - Several essential oils exert in vitro activity against bacteria and viruses and, among these latter, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is known to develop resistance to commonly used antiviral agents. Thus, the effects of the essential oil derived from Mentha suaveolens (EOMS) and its active principle piperitenone oxide (PEO) were tested in in vitro experimental model of infection with HSV-1. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined at 5.1μg/ml and 1.4μg/ml for EOMS and PEO, respectively. Australian tea tree oil (TTO) was used as control, revealing an IC50 of 13.2μg/ml. Moreover, a synergistic action against HSV-1 was observed when each oil was added in combination with acyclovir. In order to find out the mechanism of action, EOMS, PEO and TTO were added to the cells at different times during the virus life-cycle. Results obtained by yield reduction assay indicated that the antiviral activity of both compounds was principally due to an effect after viral adsorption. Indeed, no reduction of virus yield was observed when cells were treated during viral adsorption or pre-treated before viral infection. In particular, PEO exerted a strong inhibitory effect by interfering with a late step of HSV-1 life-cycle. HSV-1 infection is known to induce a pro-oxidative state with depletion of the main intracellular antioxidant glutathione and this redox change in the cell is important for viral replication. Interestingly, the treatment with PEO corrected this deficit, thus suggesting that the compound could interfere with some redox-sensitive cellular pathways exploited for viral replication. Overall our data suggest that both EOMS and PEO could be considered good candidates for novel anti-HSV-1 strategies, and need further exploration to better characterize the targets underlying their inhibition. SN - 1618-095X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/24629600/In_vitro_inhibition_of_herpes_simplex_virus_type_1_replication_by_Mentha_suaveolens_essential_oil_and_its_main_component_piperitenone_oxide_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -