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Oxidation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by chlorine, ozone and permanganate--a comparative study.
J Hazard Mater. 2014 Jun 15; 274:258-69.JH

Abstract

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a typical sulfonamide antibiotic, has been widely detected in secondary wastewater effluents and surface waters. In this work we investigated the oxidative degradation of SMX by commonly used oxidants of chlorine, ozone and permanganate. Chlorine and ozone were shown to be more effective for the removal of SMX (0.05-5.0mg/L), as compared with permanganate. Higher pH enhanced the oxidation of SMX by ozone and permanganate, but decreased the removal by chlorine. Moreover, the ozonation of SMX was significantly influenced by the presence of humic acid (HA), which exhibited negligible influence on the oxidation by chlorine and permanganate. Fairly lower mineralization of SMX occurred during the oxidation reactions, with the highest dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal of 13% (for ozone). By using LC-MS/MS, 7, 5 and 5 oxidation products were identified for chlorine, ozone and permanganate and possible transformation pathways were proposed. It was shown that different oxidants shared some common pathways, such as the cleavage of SN bond, the hydroxylation of the benzene ring, etc. On the other hand, each of the oxidants also exhibited exclusive degradation mechanisms, leading to the formation of different transformation products (TPs). This work may provide useful information for the selection of oxidants in water treatment processes.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Gao S
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
Zhao Z
Logistical Engineering University of PLA, Chongqing 401311, China.
Xu Y
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
Tian J
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China. Electronic address: tjy800112@126.com.
Qi H
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
Lin W
Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China.
Cui F
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China. Electronic address: hit_cuifuyi@hotmail.com.

MeSH

Anti-Infective AgentsChlorineHumic SubstancesManganese CompoundsOxidantsOxidation-ReductionOxidesOzoneSulfamethoxazoleWater Pollutants, ChemicalWater Purification

Pub Type(s)

Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

24793298

Citation

Gao, Shanshan, et al. "Oxidation of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) By Chlorine, Ozone and Permanganate--a Comparative Study." Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 274, 2014, pp. 258-69.
Gao S, Zhao Z, Xu Y, et al. Oxidation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by chlorine, ozone and permanganate--a comparative study. J Hazard Mater. 2014;274:258-69.
Gao, S., Zhao, Z., Xu, Y., Tian, J., Qi, H., Lin, W., & Cui, F. (2014). Oxidation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by chlorine, ozone and permanganate--a comparative study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 274, 258-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.024
Gao S, et al. Oxidation of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) By Chlorine, Ozone and Permanganate--a Comparative Study. J Hazard Mater. 2014 Jun 15;274:258-69. PubMed PMID: 24793298.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by chlorine, ozone and permanganate--a comparative study. AU - Gao,Shanshan, AU - Zhao,Zhiwei, AU - Xu,Yongpeng, AU - Tian,Jiayu, AU - Qi,Hong, AU - Lin,Wei, AU - Cui,Fuyi, Y1 - 2014/04/23/ PY - 2014/01/14/received PY - 2014/03/20/revised PY - 2014/04/13/accepted PY - 2014/5/6/entrez PY - 2014/5/6/pubmed PY - 2015/1/13/medline KW - Chlorine KW - Ozone KW - Permanganate KW - Sulfamethoxazole KW - Transformation products KW - Water treatment SP - 258 EP - 69 JF - Journal of hazardous materials JO - J Hazard Mater VL - 274 N2 - Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a typical sulfonamide antibiotic, has been widely detected in secondary wastewater effluents and surface waters. In this work we investigated the oxidative degradation of SMX by commonly used oxidants of chlorine, ozone and permanganate. Chlorine and ozone were shown to be more effective for the removal of SMX (0.05-5.0mg/L), as compared with permanganate. Higher pH enhanced the oxidation of SMX by ozone and permanganate, but decreased the removal by chlorine. Moreover, the ozonation of SMX was significantly influenced by the presence of humic acid (HA), which exhibited negligible influence on the oxidation by chlorine and permanganate. Fairly lower mineralization of SMX occurred during the oxidation reactions, with the highest dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal of 13% (for ozone). By using LC-MS/MS, 7, 5 and 5 oxidation products were identified for chlorine, ozone and permanganate and possible transformation pathways were proposed. It was shown that different oxidants shared some common pathways, such as the cleavage of SN bond, the hydroxylation of the benzene ring, etc. On the other hand, each of the oxidants also exhibited exclusive degradation mechanisms, leading to the formation of different transformation products (TPs). This work may provide useful information for the selection of oxidants in water treatment processes. SN - 1873-3336 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/24793298/Oxidation_of_sulfamethoxazole__SMX__by_chlorine_ozone_and_permanganate__a_comparative_study_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -