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Pectic-β(1,4)-galactan, extensin and arabinogalactan-protein epitopes differentiate ripening stages in wine and table grape cell walls.
Ann Bot. 2014 Oct; 114(6):1279-94.AB

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Cell wall changes in ripening grapes (Vitis vinifera) have been shown to involve re-modelling of pectin, xyloglucan and cellulose networks. Newer experimental techniques, such as molecular probes specific for cell wall epitopes, have yet to be extensively used in grape studies. Limited general information is available on the cell wall properties that contribute to texture differences between wine and table grapes. This study evaluates whether profiling tools can detect cell wall changes in ripening grapes from commercial vineyards.

METHODS

Standard sugar analysis and infra-red spectroscopy were used to examine the ripening stages (green, véraison and ripe) in grapes collected from Cabernet Sauvignon and Crimson Seedless vineyards. Comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) analysis was performed on cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extracts of alcohol-insoluble residue sourced from each stage using sets of cell wall probes (mAbs and CBMs), and the datasets were analysed using multivariate software.

KEY RESULTS

The datasets obtained confirmed previous studies on cell wall changes known to occur during grape ripening. Probes for homogalacturonan (e.g. LM19) were enriched in the CDTA fractions of Crimson Seedless relative to Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. Probes for pectic-β-(1,4)-galactan (mAb LM5), extensin (mAb LM1) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs, mAb LM2) were strongly correlated with ripening. From green stage to véraison, a progressive reduction in pectic-β-(1,4)-galactan epitopes, present in both pectin-rich (CDTA) and hemicellulose-rich (NaOH) polymers, was observed. Ripening changes in AGP and extensin epitope abundance also were found during and after véraison.

CONCLUSIONS

Combinations of cell wall probes are able to define distinct ripening phases in grapes. Pectic-β-(1,4)-galactan epitopes decreased in abundance from green stage to véraison berries. From véraison there was an increase in abundance of significant extensin and AGP epitopes, which correlates with cell expansion events. This study provides new ripening biomarkers and changes that can be placed in the context of grape berry development.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Moore JP
Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa moorejp@sun.ac.za.
Fangel JU
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-1001, Denmark.
Willats WG
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-1001, Denmark.
Vivier MA
Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa.

MeSH

BiomarkersCell WallEpitopesFruitGalactansGene Expression Regulation, PlantGlycoproteinsMucoproteinsPectinsPlant ProteinsVitis

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

24812249

Citation

Moore, John P., et al. "Pectic-β(1,4)-galactan, Extensin and Arabinogalactan-protein Epitopes Differentiate Ripening Stages in Wine and Table Grape Cell Walls." Annals of Botany, vol. 114, no. 6, 2014, pp. 1279-94.
Moore JP, Fangel JU, Willats WG, et al. Pectic-β(1,4)-galactan, extensin and arabinogalactan-protein epitopes differentiate ripening stages in wine and table grape cell walls. Ann Bot. 2014;114(6):1279-94.
Moore, J. P., Fangel, J. U., Willats, W. G., & Vivier, M. A. (2014). Pectic-β(1,4)-galactan, extensin and arabinogalactan-protein epitopes differentiate ripening stages in wine and table grape cell walls. Annals of Botany, 114(6), 1279-94. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu053
Moore JP, et al. Pectic-β(1,4)-galactan, Extensin and Arabinogalactan-protein Epitopes Differentiate Ripening Stages in Wine and Table Grape Cell Walls. Ann Bot. 2014;114(6):1279-94. PubMed PMID: 24812249.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Pectic-β(1,4)-galactan, extensin and arabinogalactan-protein epitopes differentiate ripening stages in wine and table grape cell walls. AU - Moore,John P, AU - Fangel,Jonatan U, AU - Willats,William G T, AU - Vivier,Melané A, Y1 - 2014/05/07/ PY - 2014/5/10/entrez PY - 2014/5/9/pubmed PY - 2015/6/20/medline KW - AGP KW - Cabernet Sauvignon KW - Crimson Seedless KW - Profiling KW - Vitis vinifera KW - arabinogalactan–protein KW - berry ripening KW - extensin KW - pectic-β-(1,4)-galactan KW - plant cell wall KW - table grapes KW - wine grapes SP - 1279 EP - 94 JF - Annals of botany JO - Ann Bot VL - 114 IS - 6 N2 - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cell wall changes in ripening grapes (Vitis vinifera) have been shown to involve re-modelling of pectin, xyloglucan and cellulose networks. Newer experimental techniques, such as molecular probes specific for cell wall epitopes, have yet to be extensively used in grape studies. Limited general information is available on the cell wall properties that contribute to texture differences between wine and table grapes. This study evaluates whether profiling tools can detect cell wall changes in ripening grapes from commercial vineyards. METHODS: Standard sugar analysis and infra-red spectroscopy were used to examine the ripening stages (green, véraison and ripe) in grapes collected from Cabernet Sauvignon and Crimson Seedless vineyards. Comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) analysis was performed on cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extracts of alcohol-insoluble residue sourced from each stage using sets of cell wall probes (mAbs and CBMs), and the datasets were analysed using multivariate software. KEY RESULTS: The datasets obtained confirmed previous studies on cell wall changes known to occur during grape ripening. Probes for homogalacturonan (e.g. LM19) were enriched in the CDTA fractions of Crimson Seedless relative to Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. Probes for pectic-β-(1,4)-galactan (mAb LM5), extensin (mAb LM1) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs, mAb LM2) were strongly correlated with ripening. From green stage to véraison, a progressive reduction in pectic-β-(1,4)-galactan epitopes, present in both pectin-rich (CDTA) and hemicellulose-rich (NaOH) polymers, was observed. Ripening changes in AGP and extensin epitope abundance also were found during and after véraison. CONCLUSIONS: Combinations of cell wall probes are able to define distinct ripening phases in grapes. Pectic-β-(1,4)-galactan epitopes decreased in abundance from green stage to véraison berries. From véraison there was an increase in abundance of significant extensin and AGP epitopes, which correlates with cell expansion events. This study provides new ripening biomarkers and changes that can be placed in the context of grape berry development. SN - 1095-8290 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/24812249/Pectic_β_14__galactan_extensin_and_arabinogalactan_protein_epitopes_differentiate_ripening_stages_in_wine_and_table_grape_cell_walls_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -