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Comprehensive comparison of cultivable norovirus surrogates in response to different inactivation and disinfection treatments.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014 Sep; 80(18):5743-51.AE

Abstract

Human norovirus is the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis. Since no cell culture method for human norovirus exists, cultivable surrogate viruses (CSV), including feline calicivirus (FCV), murine norovirus (MNV), porcine enteric calicivirus (PEC), and Tulane virus (TuV), have been used to study responses to inactivation and disinfection methods. We compared the levels of reduction in infectivities of CSV and Aichi virus (AiV) after exposure to extreme pHs, 56°C heating, alcohols, chlorine on surfaces, and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), using the same matrix and identical test parameters for all viruses, as well as the reduction of human norovirus RNA levels under these conditions. At pH 2, FCV was inactivated by 6 log10 units, whereas MNV, TuV, and AiV were resistant. All CSV were completely inactivated at 56°C within 20 min. MNV was inactivated 5 log10 units by alcohols, in contrast to 2 and 3 log10 units for FCV and PEC, respectively. TuV and AiV were relatively insensitive to alcohols. FCV was reduced 5 log10 units by 1,000 ppm chlorine, in contrast to 1 log10 unit for the other CSV. All CSV except FCV, when dried on stainless steel surfaces, were insensitive to 200 ppm chlorine. HHP completely inactivated FCV, MNV, and PEC at ≥300 MPa, and TuV at 600 MPa, while AiV was completely resistant to HHP up to 800 MPa. By reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), genogroup I (GI) noroviruses were more sensitive than GII noroviruses to alcohols, chlorine, and HHP. Although inactivation profiles were variable for each treatment, TuV and MNV were the most resistant CSV overall and therefore are the best candidates for studying the public health outcomes of norovirus infections.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Cromeans T
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Park GW
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Costantini V
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Lee D
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Wang Q
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA.
Farkas T
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Lee A
Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute for Technology, Bedford Park, Illinois, USA.
Vinjé J
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA jvinje@cdc.gov.

MeSH

CaliciviridaeDisinfectantsDisinfectionHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationHydrostatic PressureKobuvirusTemperatureVirus Inactivation

Pub Type(s)

Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

25015883

Citation

Cromeans, Theresa, et al. "Comprehensive Comparison of Cultivable Norovirus Surrogates in Response to Different Inactivation and Disinfection Treatments." Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 80, no. 18, 2014, pp. 5743-51.
Cromeans T, Park GW, Costantini V, et al. Comprehensive comparison of cultivable norovirus surrogates in response to different inactivation and disinfection treatments. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014;80(18):5743-51.
Cromeans, T., Park, G. W., Costantini, V., Lee, D., Wang, Q., Farkas, T., Lee, A., & Vinjé, J. (2014). Comprehensive comparison of cultivable norovirus surrogates in response to different inactivation and disinfection treatments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 80(18), 5743-51. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01532-14
Cromeans T, et al. Comprehensive Comparison of Cultivable Norovirus Surrogates in Response to Different Inactivation and Disinfection Treatments. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014;80(18):5743-51. PubMed PMID: 25015883.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Comprehensive comparison of cultivable norovirus surrogates in response to different inactivation and disinfection treatments. AU - Cromeans,Theresa, AU - Park,Geun Woo, AU - Costantini,Veronica, AU - Lee,David, AU - Wang,Qiuhong, AU - Farkas,Tibor, AU - Lee,Alvin, AU - Vinjé,Jan, Y1 - 2014/07/11/ PY - 2014/7/13/entrez PY - 2014/7/13/pubmed PY - 2016/2/9/medline SP - 5743 EP - 51 JF - Applied and environmental microbiology JO - Appl Environ Microbiol VL - 80 IS - 18 N2 - Human norovirus is the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis. Since no cell culture method for human norovirus exists, cultivable surrogate viruses (CSV), including feline calicivirus (FCV), murine norovirus (MNV), porcine enteric calicivirus (PEC), and Tulane virus (TuV), have been used to study responses to inactivation and disinfection methods. We compared the levels of reduction in infectivities of CSV and Aichi virus (AiV) after exposure to extreme pHs, 56°C heating, alcohols, chlorine on surfaces, and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), using the same matrix and identical test parameters for all viruses, as well as the reduction of human norovirus RNA levels under these conditions. At pH 2, FCV was inactivated by 6 log10 units, whereas MNV, TuV, and AiV were resistant. All CSV were completely inactivated at 56°C within 20 min. MNV was inactivated 5 log10 units by alcohols, in contrast to 2 and 3 log10 units for FCV and PEC, respectively. TuV and AiV were relatively insensitive to alcohols. FCV was reduced 5 log10 units by 1,000 ppm chlorine, in contrast to 1 log10 unit for the other CSV. All CSV except FCV, when dried on stainless steel surfaces, were insensitive to 200 ppm chlorine. HHP completely inactivated FCV, MNV, and PEC at ≥300 MPa, and TuV at 600 MPa, while AiV was completely resistant to HHP up to 800 MPa. By reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), genogroup I (GI) noroviruses were more sensitive than GII noroviruses to alcohols, chlorine, and HHP. Although inactivation profiles were variable for each treatment, TuV and MNV were the most resistant CSV overall and therefore are the best candidates for studying the public health outcomes of norovirus infections. SN - 1098-5336 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25015883/Comprehensive_comparison_of_cultivable_norovirus_surrogates_in_response_to_different_inactivation_and_disinfection_treatments_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -