TY - JOUR T1 - An unexpected clade of South American ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidion). A1 - Maddison,David R, Y1 - 2014/06/17/ PY - 2014/04/12/received PY - 2014/05/23/accepted PY - 2014/7/26/entrez PY - 2014/7/26/pubmed PY - 2014/7/26/medline KW - Bembidiini KW - Bembidion KW - Carabidae KW - DNA KW - South America KW - ground beetles KW - phylogeny KW - systematics SP - 113 EP - 55 JF - ZooKeys JO - Zookeys IS - 416 N2 - Phylogenetic relationships of the Antiperyphanes Complex of the genus Bembidion are inferred using DNA sequences from seven genes (two nuclear ribosomal, four nuclear protein coding, and one mitochondrial protein coding). Redefined subgenera within the complex are each well-supported as monophyletic. Most striking was the discovery that a small set of morphologically and ecologically heterogeneous species formed a clade, here called subgenus Nothonepha. This unexpected result was corroborated by the discovery of deep pits in the lateral body wall (in the mesepisternum) of all Nothonepha, a trait unique within Bembidion. These pits are filled with a waxy substance in ethanol-preserved specimens. In one newly discovered species (Bembidion tetrapholeon sp. n., described here), these pits are so deep that their projections into the body cavity from the two sides touch each other internally. These structures in Bembidion (Nothonepha) are compared to very similar mesepisternal pits which have convergently evolved in two other groups of carabid beetles. The function of these thoracic pits is unknown. Most members of subgenus Nothonepha have in addition similar but smaller pits in the abdomen. A revised classification is proposed for the Antiperyphanes Complex. SN - 1313-2989 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25061349/An_unexpected_clade_of_South_American_ground_beetles__Coleoptera_Carabidae_Bembidion__ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -