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Strongyloidiasis--an insight into its global prevalence and management.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Aug; 8(8):e3018.PN

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Strongyloides stercoralis, an intestinal parasitic nematode, infects more than 100 million people worldwide. Strongyloides are unique in their ability to exist as a free-living and autoinfective cycle. Strongyloidiasis can occur without any symptoms or as a potentially fatal hyperinfection or disseminated infection. The most common risk factors for these complications are immunosuppression caused by corticosteroids and infection with human T-lymphotropic virus or human immunodeficiency virus. Even though the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis is improved by advanced instrumentation techniques in isolated and complicated cases of hyperinfection or dissemination, efficient guidelines for screening the population in epidemiological surveys are lacking.

METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS

In this review, we have discussed various conventional methods for the diagnosis and management of this disease, with an emphasis on recently developed molecular and serological methods that could be implemented to establish guidelines for precise diagnosis of infection in patients and screening in epidemiological surveys. A comprehensive analysis of various cases reported worldwide from different endemic and nonendemic foci of the disease for the last 40 years was evaluated in an effort to delineate the global prevalence of this disease. We also updated the current knowledge of the various clinical spectrum of this parasitic disease, with an emphasis on newer molecular diagnostic methods, treatment, and management of cases in immunosuppressed patients.

CONCLUSION

Strongyloidiasis is considered a neglected tropical disease and is probably an underdiagnosed parasitic disease due to its low parasitic load and uncertain clinical symptoms. Increased infectivity rates in many developed countries and nonendemic regions nearing those in the most prevalent endemic regions of this parasite and the increasing transmission potential to immigrants, travelers, and immunosuppressed populations are indications for initiating an integrated approach towards prompt diagnosis and control of this parasitic disease.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Puthiyakunnon S
Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Boddu S
Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Li Y
Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Zhou X
Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Wang C
Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Li J
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Chen X
Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

MeSH

AnimalsFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceSerologic TestsStrongyloidesStrongyloidiasis

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

25121962

Citation

Puthiyakunnon, Santhosh, et al. "Strongyloidiasis--an Insight Into Its Global Prevalence and Management." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 8, no. 8, 2014, pp. e3018.
Puthiyakunnon S, Boddu S, Li Y, et al. Strongyloidiasis--an insight into its global prevalence and management. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(8):e3018.
Puthiyakunnon, S., Boddu, S., Li, Y., Zhou, X., Wang, C., Li, J., & Chen, X. (2014). Strongyloidiasis--an insight into its global prevalence and management. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(8), e3018. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003018
Puthiyakunnon S, et al. Strongyloidiasis--an Insight Into Its Global Prevalence and Management. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(8):e3018. PubMed PMID: 25121962.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Strongyloidiasis--an insight into its global prevalence and management. AU - Puthiyakunnon,Santhosh, AU - Boddu,Swapna, AU - Li,Yiji, AU - Zhou,Xiaohong, AU - Wang,Chunmei, AU - Li,Juan, AU - Chen,Xiaoguang, Y1 - 2014/08/14/ PY - 2014/8/15/entrez PY - 2014/8/15/pubmed PY - 2015/12/15/medline SP - e3018 EP - e3018 JF - PLoS neglected tropical diseases JO - PLoS Negl Trop Dis VL - 8 IS - 8 N2 - BACKGROUND: Strongyloides stercoralis, an intestinal parasitic nematode, infects more than 100 million people worldwide. Strongyloides are unique in their ability to exist as a free-living and autoinfective cycle. Strongyloidiasis can occur without any symptoms or as a potentially fatal hyperinfection or disseminated infection. The most common risk factors for these complications are immunosuppression caused by corticosteroids and infection with human T-lymphotropic virus or human immunodeficiency virus. Even though the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis is improved by advanced instrumentation techniques in isolated and complicated cases of hyperinfection or dissemination, efficient guidelines for screening the population in epidemiological surveys are lacking. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: In this review, we have discussed various conventional methods for the diagnosis and management of this disease, with an emphasis on recently developed molecular and serological methods that could be implemented to establish guidelines for precise diagnosis of infection in patients and screening in epidemiological surveys. A comprehensive analysis of various cases reported worldwide from different endemic and nonendemic foci of the disease for the last 40 years was evaluated in an effort to delineate the global prevalence of this disease. We also updated the current knowledge of the various clinical spectrum of this parasitic disease, with an emphasis on newer molecular diagnostic methods, treatment, and management of cases in immunosuppressed patients. CONCLUSION: Strongyloidiasis is considered a neglected tropical disease and is probably an underdiagnosed parasitic disease due to its low parasitic load and uncertain clinical symptoms. Increased infectivity rates in many developed countries and nonendemic regions nearing those in the most prevalent endemic regions of this parasite and the increasing transmission potential to immigrants, travelers, and immunosuppressed populations are indications for initiating an integrated approach towards prompt diagnosis and control of this parasitic disease. SN - 1935-2735 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25121962/full_citation DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -