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Folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 intake and mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015 Feb; 115(2):231-241.JA

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Whether higher B vitamin intake (ie, B-6, B-12, and folate) is protective against cognitive decline in later life remains uncertain. Several prospective, observational studies find higher B vitamin intake to be associated with lower risk of dementia; other studies, including most trials of B vitamin supplementation, have observed no effect on cognition. We examined this question in a large population of older women carefully monitored for development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable dementia.

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether baseline folate, vitamin B-6, and/or vitamin B-12 intake, alone or in combination, are associated with incident MCI/probable dementia among older women.

DESIGN

Prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Participants were enrolled between 1993 and 1998, and B vitamin intake was self-reported using a food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline.

PARTICIPANTS/SETTING

Postmenopausal women (N=7,030) free of MCI/probable dementia at baseline in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Over a mean follow-up of 5.0 years, 238 cases of incident MCI and 69 cases of probable dementia were identified through rigorous screening and expert adjudication.

STATISTICAL ANALYSES

Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors examined the association of B vitamin intake above and below the Recommended Daily Allowance and incident MCI/probable dementia.

RESULTS

Folate intake below the Recommended Daily Allowance at study baseline was associated with increased risk of incident MCI/probable dementia (hazard ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.9), after controlling for multiple confounders. There were no significant associations between vitamins B-6 or B-12 and MCI/probable dementia, nor any evidence of an interaction between these vitamins and folate intake.

CONCLUSIONS

Folate intake below the Recommended Daily Allowance may increase risk for MCI/probable dementia in later life. Future research should include long-term trials of folic acid supplementation to examine whether folate may impart a protective effect on cognition in later life.

Links

PMC Free PDF

Authors

Agnew-Blais JC
No affiliation info available
Wassertheil-Smoller S
No affiliation info available
Kang JH
No affiliation info available
Hogan PE
No affiliation info available
Coker LH
No affiliation info available
Snetselaar LG
No affiliation info available
Smoller JW
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AgedCognitive DysfunctionDementiaFemaleFolic AcidFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesMiddle AgedMotor ActivityProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSocioeconomic FactorsTreatment OutcomeVitamin B 12Vitamin B 6

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

Language

eng

PubMed ID

25201007

Citation

Agnew-Blais, Jessica C., et al. "Folate, Vitamin B-6, and Vitamin B-12 Intake and Mild Cognitive Impairment and Probable Dementia in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, vol. 115, no. 2, 2015, pp. 231-241.
Agnew-Blais JC, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Kang JH, et al. Folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 intake and mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015;115(2):231-241.
Agnew-Blais, J. C., Wassertheil-Smoller, S., Kang, J. H., Hogan, P. E., Coker, L. H., Snetselaar, L. G., & Smoller, J. W. (2015). Folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 intake and mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 115(2), 231-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2014.07.006
Agnew-Blais JC, et al. Folate, Vitamin B-6, and Vitamin B-12 Intake and Mild Cognitive Impairment and Probable Dementia in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015;115(2):231-241. PubMed PMID: 25201007.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 intake and mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. AU - Agnew-Blais,Jessica C, AU - Wassertheil-Smoller,Sylvia, AU - Kang,Jae H, AU - Hogan,Patricia E, AU - Coker,Laura H, AU - Snetselaar,Linda G, AU - Smoller,Jordan W, Y1 - 2014/09/08/ PY - 2013/11/05/received PY - 2014/06/23/accepted PY - 2014/9/10/entrez PY - 2014/9/10/pubmed PY - 2015/4/9/medline KW - Cognitive impairment KW - Dementia KW - Folic acid KW - Vitamin B-12 KW - Vitamin B-6 SP - 231 EP - 241 JF - Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics JO - J Acad Nutr Diet VL - 115 IS - 2 N2 - BACKGROUND: Whether higher B vitamin intake (ie, B-6, B-12, and folate) is protective against cognitive decline in later life remains uncertain. Several prospective, observational studies find higher B vitamin intake to be associated with lower risk of dementia; other studies, including most trials of B vitamin supplementation, have observed no effect on cognition. We examined this question in a large population of older women carefully monitored for development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable dementia. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether baseline folate, vitamin B-6, and/or vitamin B-12 intake, alone or in combination, are associated with incident MCI/probable dementia among older women. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Participants were enrolled between 1993 and 1998, and B vitamin intake was self-reported using a food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Postmenopausal women (N=7,030) free of MCI/probable dementia at baseline in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Over a mean follow-up of 5.0 years, 238 cases of incident MCI and 69 cases of probable dementia were identified through rigorous screening and expert adjudication. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors examined the association of B vitamin intake above and below the Recommended Daily Allowance and incident MCI/probable dementia. RESULTS: Folate intake below the Recommended Daily Allowance at study baseline was associated with increased risk of incident MCI/probable dementia (hazard ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.9), after controlling for multiple confounders. There were no significant associations between vitamins B-6 or B-12 and MCI/probable dementia, nor any evidence of an interaction between these vitamins and folate intake. CONCLUSIONS: Folate intake below the Recommended Daily Allowance may increase risk for MCI/probable dementia in later life. Future research should include long-term trials of folic acid supplementation to examine whether folate may impart a protective effect on cognition in later life. SN - 2212-2672 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25201007/Folate_vitamin_B_6_and_vitamin_B_12_intake_and_mild_cognitive_impairment_and_probable_dementia_in_the_Women's_Health_Initiative_Memory_Study_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -