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Toxic impact of bromide and iodide on drinking water disinfected with chlorine or chloramines.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Oct 21; 48(20):12362-9.ES

Abstract

Disinfectants inactivate pathogens in source water; however, they also react with organic matter and bromide/iodide to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Although only a few DBP classes have been systematically analyzed for toxicity, iodinated and brominated DBPs tend to be the most toxic. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine if monochloramine (NH2Cl) disinfection generated drinking water with less toxicity than water disinfected with free chlorine (HOCl) and (2) to determine the impact of added bromide and iodide in conjunction with HOCl or NH2Cl disinfection on mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genomic DNA damage induction. Water disinfected with chlorine was less cytotoxic but more genotoxic than water disinfected with chloramine. For both disinfectants, the addition of Br(-) and I(-) increased cytotoxicity and genotoxicity with a greater response observed with NH2Cl disinfection. Both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were highly correlated with TOBr and TOI. However, toxicity was weakly and inversely correlated with TOCl. Thus, the forcing agents for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were the generation of brominated and iodinated DBPs rather than the formation of chlorinated DBPs. Disinfection practices need careful consideration especially when using source waters containing elevated bromide and iodide.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Yang Y
Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University , Beijing, P.R. China.
Komaki Y
No affiliation info available
Kimura SY
No affiliation info available
Hu HY
No affiliation info available
Wagner ED
No affiliation info available
Mariñas BJ
No affiliation info available
Plewa MJ
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AnimalsBromidesCHO CellsChloraminesChlorineCricetulusDisinfectantsDisinfectionDrinking WaterHalogenationIodidesToxicity TestsWater Purification

Pub Type(s)

Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

25222908

Citation

Yang, Yang, et al. "Toxic Impact of Bromide and Iodide On Drinking Water Disinfected With Chlorine or Chloramines." Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 48, no. 20, 2014, pp. 12362-9.
Yang Y, Komaki Y, Kimura SY, et al. Toxic impact of bromide and iodide on drinking water disinfected with chlorine or chloramines. Environ Sci Technol. 2014;48(20):12362-9.
Yang, Y., Komaki, Y., Kimura, S. Y., Hu, H. Y., Wagner, E. D., Mariñas, B. J., & Plewa, M. J. (2014). Toxic impact of bromide and iodide on drinking water disinfected with chlorine or chloramines. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(20), 12362-9. https://doi.org/10.1021/es503621e
Yang Y, et al. Toxic Impact of Bromide and Iodide On Drinking Water Disinfected With Chlorine or Chloramines. Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Oct 21;48(20):12362-9. PubMed PMID: 25222908.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Toxic impact of bromide and iodide on drinking water disinfected with chlorine or chloramines. AU - Yang,Yang, AU - Komaki,Yukako, AU - Kimura,Susana Y, AU - Hu,Hong-Ying, AU - Wagner,Elizabeth D, AU - Mariñas,Benito J, AU - Plewa,Michael J, Y1 - 2014/10/07/ PY - 2014/9/16/entrez PY - 2014/9/16/pubmed PY - 2016/1/9/medline SP - 12362 EP - 9 JF - Environmental science & technology JO - Environ Sci Technol VL - 48 IS - 20 N2 - Disinfectants inactivate pathogens in source water; however, they also react with organic matter and bromide/iodide to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Although only a few DBP classes have been systematically analyzed for toxicity, iodinated and brominated DBPs tend to be the most toxic. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine if monochloramine (NH2Cl) disinfection generated drinking water with less toxicity than water disinfected with free chlorine (HOCl) and (2) to determine the impact of added bromide and iodide in conjunction with HOCl or NH2Cl disinfection on mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genomic DNA damage induction. Water disinfected with chlorine was less cytotoxic but more genotoxic than water disinfected with chloramine. For both disinfectants, the addition of Br(-) and I(-) increased cytotoxicity and genotoxicity with a greater response observed with NH2Cl disinfection. Both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were highly correlated with TOBr and TOI. However, toxicity was weakly and inversely correlated with TOCl. Thus, the forcing agents for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were the generation of brominated and iodinated DBPs rather than the formation of chlorinated DBPs. Disinfection practices need careful consideration especially when using source waters containing elevated bromide and iodide. SN - 1520-5851 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25222908/Toxic_impact_of_bromide_and_iodide_on_drinking_water_disinfected_with_chlorine_or_chloramines_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -