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Comparison of iodinated trihalomethanes formation during aqueous chlor(am)ination of different iodinated X-ray contrast media compounds in the presence of natural organic matter.
Water Res. 2014 Dec 01; 66:390-398.WR

Abstract

Iodinated trihalomethanes (I-THMs) formation during chlorination and chloramination of five iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) compounds (iopamidol, iopromide, iodixanol, histodenz, and diatrizoate) in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) was evaluated and compared. Chlorination and chloramination of ICM in the absence of NOM yielded only a trace amount of I-THMs, while levels of I-THMs were enhanced substantially in raw water samples. With the presence of NOM, the order with respect to the maximum yield of I-THMs observed during chlorination was iopamidol >> histodenz > iodixanol > diatrizoate > iopromide. During chloramination, I-THM formation was enhanced for hisodenz, iodixanol, diatrizoate, and iopromide. The order with respect to the maximum yield of I-THMs observed during chloramination was iopamidol > diatrizoate > iodixanol > histodenz > iopromide. With the exception of iopamidol, I-THM formation was favored at relatively low chlorine doses (≤100 μM) during ICM chlorination, and significant suppression was observed with high chlorine doses applied (＞100 μM). However, during chloramination, increasing monochloramine dose monotonously increased the yield of I-THMs for the five ICM. During chlorination of iodixanol, histodenz, and diatrizoate, the yields of I-THMs exhibited three distinct trends as the pH increased from 5 to 9, while peak I-THM formation was found at circumneutral pH for chloramination. Increasing bromide concentration not only considerably enhanced the yield of I-THMs but also shifted the I-THMs towards bromine-containing ones and increased the formation of higher bromine-incorporated species (e.g., CHBrClI and CHBr2I), especially in chloramination. These results are of particular interest to understand I-THM formation mechanisms during chlorination and chloramination of waters containing ICM.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Ye T
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
Xu B
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China. Electronic address: tjwenwu@gmail.com.
Wang Z
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
Zhang TY
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
Hu CY
College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China.
Lin L
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
Xia SJ
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
Gao NY
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.

MeSH

BromidesBromineChinaChloraminesChlorineContrast MediaDisinfectantsDisinfectionHalogenationHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationIodineOrganic ChemicalsTrihalomethanesWaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalWater PurificationWater SupplyX-Rays

Pub Type(s)

Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

25240119

Citation

Ye, Tao, et al. "Comparison of Iodinated Trihalomethanes Formation During Aqueous Chlor(am)ination of Different Iodinated X-ray Contrast Media Compounds in the Presence of Natural Organic Matter." Water Research, vol. 66, 2014, pp. 390-398.
Ye T, Xu B, Wang Z, et al. Comparison of iodinated trihalomethanes formation during aqueous chlor(am)ination of different iodinated X-ray contrast media compounds in the presence of natural organic matter. Water Res. 2014;66:390-398.
Ye, T., Xu, B., Wang, Z., Zhang, T. Y., Hu, C. Y., Lin, L., Xia, S. J., & Gao, N. Y. (2014). Comparison of iodinated trihalomethanes formation during aqueous chlor(am)ination of different iodinated X-ray contrast media compounds in the presence of natural organic matter. Water Research, 66, 390-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.044
Ye T, et al. Comparison of Iodinated Trihalomethanes Formation During Aqueous Chlor(am)ination of Different Iodinated X-ray Contrast Media Compounds in the Presence of Natural Organic Matter. Water Res. 2014 Dec 1;66:390-398. PubMed PMID: 25240119.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of iodinated trihalomethanes formation during aqueous chlor(am)ination of different iodinated X-ray contrast media compounds in the presence of natural organic matter. AU - Ye,Tao, AU - Xu,Bin, AU - Wang,Zhen, AU - Zhang,Tian-Yang, AU - Hu,Chen-Yan, AU - Lin,Lin, AU - Xia,Sheng-Ji, AU - Gao,Nai-Yun, Y1 - 2014/09/06/ PY - 2014/05/16/received PY - 2014/08/25/revised PY - 2014/08/26/accepted PY - 2014/9/21/entrez PY - 2014/9/23/pubmed PY - 2015/8/1/medline KW - Chlor(am)ination KW - Disinfection by-products KW - Iodinated X-ray contrast media KW - Iodinated trihalomethanes SP - 390 EP - 398 JF - Water research JO - Water Res VL - 66 N2 - Iodinated trihalomethanes (I-THMs) formation during chlorination and chloramination of five iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) compounds (iopamidol, iopromide, iodixanol, histodenz, and diatrizoate) in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) was evaluated and compared. Chlorination and chloramination of ICM in the absence of NOM yielded only a trace amount of I-THMs, while levels of I-THMs were enhanced substantially in raw water samples. With the presence of NOM, the order with respect to the maximum yield of I-THMs observed during chlorination was iopamidol >> histodenz > iodixanol > diatrizoate > iopromide. During chloramination, I-THM formation was enhanced for hisodenz, iodixanol, diatrizoate, and iopromide. The order with respect to the maximum yield of I-THMs observed during chloramination was iopamidol > diatrizoate > iodixanol > histodenz > iopromide. With the exception of iopamidol, I-THM formation was favored at relatively low chlorine doses (≤100 μM) during ICM chlorination, and significant suppression was observed with high chlorine doses applied (＞100 μM). However, during chloramination, increasing monochloramine dose monotonously increased the yield of I-THMs for the five ICM. During chlorination of iodixanol, histodenz, and diatrizoate, the yields of I-THMs exhibited three distinct trends as the pH increased from 5 to 9, while peak I-THM formation was found at circumneutral pH for chloramination. Increasing bromide concentration not only considerably enhanced the yield of I-THMs but also shifted the I-THMs towards bromine-containing ones and increased the formation of higher bromine-incorporated species (e.g., CHBrClI and CHBr2I), especially in chloramination. These results are of particular interest to understand I-THM formation mechanisms during chlorination and chloramination of waters containing ICM. SN - 1879-2448 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25240119/Comparison_of_iodinated_trihalomethanes_formation_during_aqueous_chlor_am_ination_of_different_iodinated_X_ray_contrast_media_compounds_in_the_presence_of_natural_organic_matter_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -