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Oscillometric casual blood pressure normative standards for Swedish children using ABPM to exclude casual hypertension.
Am J Hypertens. 2015 Apr; 28(4):459-68.AJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Casual blood pressure (CBP) is considered a reliable proxy for cardiovascular health. Although the auscultatory technique is the reference standard method for measuring CBP, oscillometric devices are increasingly being used in children. We sought to establish oscillometric CBP normative standards for Swedish children.

METHODS

Cross-sectional oscillometric CBP readings were obtained by the Welch Allyn Spot Vital Signs 420 monitor and measured according to the International Guidelines' recommendations. Participants with elevated oscillometric CBP levels underwent verification by the auscultatory method. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was used to exclude casual hypertension. Data on 1,470 (772 males) apparently healthy Swedish schoolchildren aged 6-16 years were analyzed and sex-specific reference charts normalized to age or height were constructed.

RESULTS

Systolic and diastolic CBP values were significantly higher with age, height, height standard deviation score (SDS), body mass index (BMI), and BMI SDS. Gender differences for systolic CBP were present starting from age of 15 years and revealed significantly higher values in boys than in girls, whereas for diastolic CBP, the differences were apparent at the age of 12 years, with higher values in girls. Increased BMI and BMI SDS were positively associated with CBP levels. Positive parental history of hypertension turned out to be a risk factor for higher systolic and diastolic CBP across all ages.

CONCLUSIONS

Our normative standard for CBP can be used for blood pressure screening and control programs in Swedish children. The use of ABPM should be considered to confirm the diagnosis of casual hypertension.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Krmar RT
Karolinska Institutet, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden;
Holtbäck U
Karolinska Institutet, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden;
Bergh A
Karolinska Institutet, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden;
Svensson E
Karolinska Institutet, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden;
Wühl E
Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany.

MeSH

AdolescentAge FactorsBlood PressureBlood Pressure Monitoring, AmbulatoryChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansHypertensionMaleOscillometryPredictive Value of TestsReference StandardsRisk FactorsSex FactorsSweden

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

25384408

Citation

Krmar, Rafael T., et al. "Oscillometric Casual Blood Pressure Normative Standards for Swedish Children Using ABPM to Exclude Casual Hypertension." American Journal of Hypertension, vol. 28, no. 4, 2015, pp. 459-68.
Krmar RT, Holtbäck U, Bergh A, et al. Oscillometric casual blood pressure normative standards for Swedish children using ABPM to exclude casual hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2015;28(4):459-68.
Krmar, R. T., Holtbäck, U., Bergh, A., Svensson, E., & Wühl, E. (2015). Oscillometric casual blood pressure normative standards for Swedish children using ABPM to exclude casual hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension, 28(4), 459-68. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpu182
Krmar RT, et al. Oscillometric Casual Blood Pressure Normative Standards for Swedish Children Using ABPM to Exclude Casual Hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2015;28(4):459-68. PubMed PMID: 25384408.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Oscillometric casual blood pressure normative standards for Swedish children using ABPM to exclude casual hypertension. AU - Krmar,Rafael T, AU - Holtbäck,Ulla, AU - Bergh,Anita, AU - Svensson,Eva, AU - Wühl,Elke, Y1 - 2014/11/10/ PY - 2014/11/12/entrez PY - 2014/11/12/pubmed PY - 2015/12/15/medline KW - ambulatory blood pressure monitoring KW - blood pressure KW - casual blood pressure KW - hypertension KW - oscillometric device KW - pediatrics KW - reference values. SP - 459 EP - 68 JF - American journal of hypertension JO - Am J Hypertens VL - 28 IS - 4 N2 - BACKGROUND: Casual blood pressure (CBP) is considered a reliable proxy for cardiovascular health. Although the auscultatory technique is the reference standard method for measuring CBP, oscillometric devices are increasingly being used in children. We sought to establish oscillometric CBP normative standards for Swedish children. METHODS: Cross-sectional oscillometric CBP readings were obtained by the Welch Allyn Spot Vital Signs 420 monitor and measured according to the International Guidelines' recommendations. Participants with elevated oscillometric CBP levels underwent verification by the auscultatory method. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was used to exclude casual hypertension. Data on 1,470 (772 males) apparently healthy Swedish schoolchildren aged 6-16 years were analyzed and sex-specific reference charts normalized to age or height were constructed. RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic CBP values were significantly higher with age, height, height standard deviation score (SDS), body mass index (BMI), and BMI SDS. Gender differences for systolic CBP were present starting from age of 15 years and revealed significantly higher values in boys than in girls, whereas for diastolic CBP, the differences were apparent at the age of 12 years, with higher values in girls. Increased BMI and BMI SDS were positively associated with CBP levels. Positive parental history of hypertension turned out to be a risk factor for higher systolic and diastolic CBP across all ages. CONCLUSIONS: Our normative standard for CBP can be used for blood pressure screening and control programs in Swedish children. The use of ABPM should be considered to confirm the diagnosis of casual hypertension. SN - 1941-7225 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25384408/Oscillometric_casual_blood_pressure_normative_standards_for_Swedish_children_using_ABPM_to_exclude_casual_hypertension_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -