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Healthy lifestyle and risk of kidney disease progression, atherosclerotic events, and death in CKD: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study.
Am J Kidney Dis. 2015 Mar; 65(3):412-24.AJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In general populations, healthy lifestyle is associated with fewer adverse outcomes. We estimated the degree to which adherence to a healthy lifestyle decreases the risk of renal and cardiovascular events among adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

STUDY DESIGN

Prospective cohort.

SETTING & PARTICIPANTS

3,006 adults enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study.

PREDICTORS

4 lifestyle factors (regular physical activity, body mass index [BMI] of 20-<25kg/m(2), nonsmoking, and "healthy diet"), individually and in combination.

OUTCOMES

CKD progression (50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate or end-stage renal disease), atherosclerotic events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease), and all-cause mortality.

MEASUREMENTS

Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards.

RESULTS

During a median follow-up of 4 years, we observed 726 CKD progression events, 355 atherosclerotic events, and 437 deaths. BMI≥25kg/m(2) and nonsmoking were associated with reduced risk of CKD progression (HRs of 0.75 [95% CI, 0.58-0.97] and 0.61 [95% CI, 0.45-0.82] for BMIs of 25 to <30 and ≥30kg/m(2), respectively, versus 20 to <25kg/m(2); HR for nonsmoking of 0.68 [95% CI, 0.55-0.84] compared to the current smoker reference group) and reduced risk of atherosclerotic events (HRs of 0.67 [95% CI, 0.46-0.96] for BMI of 25-<30 vs 20-<25kg/m(2) and 0.55 [95% CI, 0.40-0.75] vs current smoker). Factors associated with reduced all-cause mortality were regular physical activity (HR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.52-0.79] vs inactive), BMI≥30kg/m(2) (HR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.43-0.96] vs 20-<25kg/m(2)), and nonsmoking (HR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.34-0.60] vs current smoker). BMI<20kg/m(2) was associated with increased all-cause mortality risk (HR, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.13-3.93] vs 20-<25kg/m(2)). Adherence to all 4 lifestyle factors was associated with a 68% lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to adherence to no lifestyle factors (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11-0.89).

LIMITATIONS

Lifestyle factors were measured only once.

CONCLUSIONS

Regular physical activity, nonsmoking, and BMI≥25kg/m(2) were associated with lower risk of adverse outcomes in this cohort of individuals with CKD.

Links

Authors+Show Affiliations

Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL. Electronic address: aricar2@uic.edu.

Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA.

Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Center for Management of Complex Chronic Care, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL.

Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.

Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.

Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA.

Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.

Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.

Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.

Wright Nunes JA

Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.

Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.

CRIC Study Investigators

No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdultAgedAtherosclerosisCohort StudiesDisease ProgressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedMortalityMotor ActivityProspective StudiesRenal Insufficiency, ChronicRisk FactorsRisk Reduction BehaviorSmoking Cessation

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

25458663

Citation

Ricardo, Ana C., et al. "Healthy Lifestyle and Risk of Kidney Disease Progression, Atherosclerotic Events, and Death in CKD: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study." American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation, vol. 65, no. 3, 2015, pp. 412-24.

Ricardo AC, Anderson CA, Yang W, et al. Healthy lifestyle and risk of kidney disease progression, atherosclerotic events, and death in CKD: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;65(3):412-24.

Ricardo, A. C., Anderson, C. A., Yang, W., Zhang, X., Fischer, M. J., Dember, L. M., Fink, J. C., Frydrych, A., Jensvold, N. G., Lustigova, E., Nessel, L. C., Porter, A. C., Rahman, M., Wright Nunes, J. A., Daviglus, M. L., & Lash, J. P. (2015). Healthy lifestyle and risk of kidney disease progression, atherosclerotic events, and death in CKD: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 65(3), 412-24. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.09.016

Ricardo AC, et al. Healthy Lifestyle and Risk of Kidney Disease Progression, Atherosclerotic Events, and Death in CKD: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;65(3):412-24. PubMed PMID: 25458663.

* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case

TY - JOUR T1 - Healthy lifestyle and risk of kidney disease progression, atherosclerotic events, and death in CKD: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. AU - Ricardo,Ana C, AU - Anderson,Cheryl A, AU - Yang,Wei, AU - Zhang,Xiaoming, AU - Fischer,Michael J, AU - Dember,Laura M, AU - Fink,Jeffrey C, AU - Frydrych,Anne, AU - Jensvold,Nancy G, AU - Lustigova,Eva, AU - Nessel,Lisa C, AU - Porter,Anna C, AU - Rahman,Mahboob, AU - Wright Nunes,Julie A, AU - Daviglus,Martha L, AU - Lash,James P, AU - ,, Y1 - 2014/11/20/ PY - 2014/04/09/received PY - 2014/09/24/accepted PY - 2014/12/3/entrez PY - 2014/12/3/pubmed PY - 2015/4/25/medline KW - CKD progression KW - Chronic kidney disease (CKD) KW - body mass index (BMI) KW - cardiovascular events KW - diet KW - healthy lifestyle KW - lifestyle modification KW - modifiable risk factor KW - mortality KW - physical activity KW - renal disease trajectory KW - smoking SP - 412 EP - 24 JF - American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation JO - Am J Kidney Dis VL - 65 IS - 3 N2 - BACKGROUND: In general populations, healthy lifestyle is associated with fewer adverse outcomes. We estimated the degree to which adherence to a healthy lifestyle decreases the risk of renal and cardiovascular events among adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 3,006 adults enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. PREDICTORS: 4 lifestyle factors (regular physical activity, body mass index [BMI] of 20-<25kg/m(2), nonsmoking, and "healthy diet"), individually and in combination. OUTCOMES: CKD progression (50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate or end-stage renal disease), atherosclerotic events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or peripheral arterial disease), and all-cause mortality. MEASUREMENTS: Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 4 years, we observed 726 CKD progression events, 355 atherosclerotic events, and 437 deaths. BMI≥25kg/m(2) and nonsmoking were associated with reduced risk of CKD progression (HRs of 0.75 [95% CI, 0.58-0.97] and 0.61 [95% CI, 0.45-0.82] for BMIs of 25 to <30 and ≥30kg/m(2), respectively, versus 20 to <25kg/m(2); HR for nonsmoking of 0.68 [95% CI, 0.55-0.84] compared to the current smoker reference group) and reduced risk of atherosclerotic events (HRs of 0.67 [95% CI, 0.46-0.96] for BMI of 25-<30 vs 20-<25kg/m(2) and 0.55 [95% CI, 0.40-0.75] vs current smoker). Factors associated with reduced all-cause mortality were regular physical activity (HR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.52-0.79] vs inactive), BMI≥30kg/m(2) (HR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.43-0.96] vs 20-<25kg/m(2)), and nonsmoking (HR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.34-0.60] vs current smoker). BMI<20kg/m(2) was associated with increased all-cause mortality risk (HR, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.13-3.93] vs 20-<25kg/m(2)). Adherence to all 4 lifestyle factors was associated with a 68% lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to adherence to no lifestyle factors (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11-0.89). LIMITATIONS: Lifestyle factors were measured only once. CONCLUSIONS: Regular physical activity, nonsmoking, and BMI≥25kg/m(2) were associated with lower risk of adverse outcomes in this cohort of individuals with CKD. SN - 1523-6838 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25458663/Healthy_lifestyle_and_risk_of_kidney_disease_progression_atherosclerotic_events_and_death_in_CKD:_findings_from_the_Chronic_Renal_Insufficiency_Cohort__CRIC__Study_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -