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Mediterranean diet and cognitive decline over time in an elderly Mediterranean population.
Eur J Nutr. 2015 Dec; 54(8):1311-21.EJ

Abstract

PURPOSE

Evidence suggests that dietary patterns compatible with the traditional Mediterranean diet (MD) may protect against cognitive decline. We prospectively assessed whether adherence to MD in the Mediterranean country of Greece is inversely associated with cognitive decline in the elderly and whether any particular MD component may play a key role.

METHODS

Elderly men and women (N = 401) residing in the greater Athens area had dietary variables ascertained in 1994-1999. Adherence to MD was represented by the MD score [MDS, 0-3 (low), 4-5 (intermediate), 6-9 (high)]. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was administered by trained professionals to individuals aged 65 years or older in 2004-2006 (first assessment) and re-administered in 2011-2012 (second assessment). MMSE change (cMMSE) was categorized as: improved/unchanged (cMMSE ≥ 0), mildly lower (cMMSE -1 to -4) or substantially lower (cMMSE ≤ -5). Associations were evaluated through multinomial logistic regression.

RESULTS

Decline in MMSE performance was inversely associated with adherence to MD. For mild versus no decline, odds ratio (OR) comparing high to low MD adherence was 0.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25-0.87, p = 0.012]. For substantial versus no decline, OR comparing high to low MD adherence was 0.34 (95% CI 0.13-0.89, p = 0.025). Among the nine MDS components, only vegetable consumption exhibited a significant inverse association with cognitive decline.

CONCLUSIONS

Closer adherence to the traditional MD is highly likely to protect against cognitive decline in this elderly Mediterranean population. Higher vegetable consumption appears to play a key role, possibly in synergy with additional components of the diet.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Trichopoulou A
Hellenic Health Foundation, 13 Kaisareias and Alexandroupoleos Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece. Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, 23 Alexandroupoleos Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
Kyrozis A
Hellenic Health Foundation, 13 Kaisareias and Alexandroupoleos Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece. andr_kyr@otenet.gr. 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 74 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528, Athens, Greece. andr_kyr@otenet.gr.
Rossi M
Dipartimento di Epidemiologia, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milan, Italy.
Katsoulis M
Hellenic Health Foundation, 13 Kaisareias and Alexandroupoleos Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
Trichopoulos D
Hellenic Health Foundation, 13 Kaisareias and Alexandroupoleos Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece. Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, 23 Alexandroupoleos Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
La Vecchia C
Dipartimento di Epidemiologia, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milan, Italy. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Venezian 5, 20133, Milan, Italy.
Lagiou P
Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, 23 Alexandroupoleos Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, 75 M. Asias Street, Goudi, 115 27, Athens, Greece.

MeSH

AgedCognitionCognition DisordersDiet, MediterraneanFemaleGreeceHumansLife StyleLogistic ModelsMaleNeuropsychological TestsProspective Studies

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

25482573

Clinical Trial Links

Can Lifestyle Changes Reverse Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease

Citation

Trichopoulou, Antonia, et al. "Mediterranean Diet and Cognitive Decline Over Time in an Elderly Mediterranean Population." European Journal of Nutrition, vol. 54, no. 8, 2015, pp. 1311-21.
Trichopoulou A, Kyrozis A, Rossi M, et al. Mediterranean diet and cognitive decline over time in an elderly Mediterranean population. Eur J Nutr. 2015;54(8):1311-21.
Trichopoulou, A., Kyrozis, A., Rossi, M., Katsoulis, M., Trichopoulos, D., La Vecchia, C., & Lagiou, P. (2015). Mediterranean diet and cognitive decline over time in an elderly Mediterranean population. European Journal of Nutrition, 54(8), 1311-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-014-0811-z
Trichopoulou A, et al. Mediterranean Diet and Cognitive Decline Over Time in an Elderly Mediterranean Population. Eur J Nutr. 2015;54(8):1311-21. PubMed PMID: 25482573.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Mediterranean diet and cognitive decline over time in an elderly Mediterranean population. AU - Trichopoulou,Antonia, AU - Kyrozis,Andreas, AU - Rossi,Marta, AU - Katsoulis,Michalis, AU - Trichopoulos,Dimitrios, AU - La Vecchia,Carlo, AU - Lagiou,Pagona, Y1 - 2014/12/09/ PY - 2014/06/03/received PY - 2014/12/02/accepted PY - 2014/12/9/entrez PY - 2014/12/9/pubmed PY - 2016/9/15/medline KW - Cognition KW - Cognitive function KW - Dementia KW - Elderly KW - Mediterranean diet SP - 1311 EP - 21 JF - European journal of nutrition JO - Eur J Nutr VL - 54 IS - 8 N2 - PURPOSE: Evidence suggests that dietary patterns compatible with the traditional Mediterranean diet (MD) may protect against cognitive decline. We prospectively assessed whether adherence to MD in the Mediterranean country of Greece is inversely associated with cognitive decline in the elderly and whether any particular MD component may play a key role. METHODS: Elderly men and women (N = 401) residing in the greater Athens area had dietary variables ascertained in 1994-1999. Adherence to MD was represented by the MD score [MDS, 0-3 (low), 4-5 (intermediate), 6-9 (high)]. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was administered by trained professionals to individuals aged 65 years or older in 2004-2006 (first assessment) and re-administered in 2011-2012 (second assessment). MMSE change (cMMSE) was categorized as: improved/unchanged (cMMSE ≥ 0), mildly lower (cMMSE -1 to -4) or substantially lower (cMMSE ≤ -5). Associations were evaluated through multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Decline in MMSE performance was inversely associated with adherence to MD. For mild versus no decline, odds ratio (OR) comparing high to low MD adherence was 0.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25-0.87, p = 0.012]. For substantial versus no decline, OR comparing high to low MD adherence was 0.34 (95% CI 0.13-0.89, p = 0.025). Among the nine MDS components, only vegetable consumption exhibited a significant inverse association with cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS: Closer adherence to the traditional MD is highly likely to protect against cognitive decline in this elderly Mediterranean population. Higher vegetable consumption appears to play a key role, possibly in synergy with additional components of the diet. SN - 1436-6215 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/25482573/Mediterranean_diet_and_cognitive_decline_over_time_in_an_elderly_Mediterranean_population_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -